Tokyo: Solaris - Güneş İmparatorluğu’nun Dirençli, Kırılgan ve Tehlikeli Kenti

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 28, 907 - 941, 31.12.2019

Şirin Gülcen Eren

https://doi.org/10.31198/idealkent.635099

Cited By: 8

Öz

Tokyo, Güvenli Kentler Endeksi (SCI), Dirençli Kentler Endeksi (CRI) ve Savills Dirençli Kentler Endeksi’ne göre dünyanın en dirençli kentidir. Kent, fiziki yapısı olan, doğa ve insanın birlikte geliştiği ve birbirini etkilediği sosyo-ekolojik bir sistemdir. Kentin sistemi; iklim değişikliği ve depremler başta olmak üzere doğal kaynaklı ve insan kaynaklı afetlere açıktır. Afetler kaçınılmaz olarak meydana geldiğinden Tokyo kentini; aynı anda, dirençli, kırılgan ve tehlikeli bir kent olarak tanımlamak mümkündür. Dünya üzerindeki pek çok kent afete maruz olduğundan yaygın kamu politikalarıyla riske karşı koymayı bir araç haline getirmiştir. Ancak bu kentlerin hiçbiri Tokyo kentinin dirençlilik seviyesine sahip değildir. Ayrıca Tokyo, dirençli bir kent olma yönünde teknik ve akademik çalışmaların odaklandığı veya icra imkânı bulduğu bir kenttir.

Bu makale; bütüncül bir bakış açısıyla Tokyo’nun dirençli bir kent olma zorunluluğuna değinerek, kamu idarelerinin bilinçli ve belirgin anlayışları, çabaları ve uygulamalarını tespit etmeyi ve çeşitli çabaların varlığına rağmen, bugünkü tehlikeli ve kırılgan durumunu tartışmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu tartışmanın, dirençli kent olma öngörüsüne sahip olan veya olmayan diğer dünya kentlerinin birey ve karar vericilerinin düşün ve eylemlerine yön göstermesi ve dirençli kent çabalarına katkı sağlaması hedeflenmektedir. Betimleyici analiz yöntemiyle ele alınan kentin mevcut durumuyla ilgili çalışmalar eleştirel bir yaklaşımla değerlendirilmektedir. Değerlendirme, Tokyo kentinde yerinde aktif gözlemlere dayalı görsellerle desteklenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dirençli Kent, Sürdürülebilir Kent, Tokyo, Tehlikeli Kent

Teşekkür

Şehir Plancısı, Isparta Uygulamalı Bilimler Üniversitesi Dr. Öğretim Üyesi Betül ÖZSOY PANCAR’a katkı ve yönlendirmesinden dolayı teşekkür ederim.

Tokyo: Solaris-Resilient, Vulnerable and Dangerous City of the Empire of Sun

Öz

Tokyo is the world’s most resilient city, according to the Safe Cities Index (SCI), the City Resilience Index (CRI) and Savills Resilient Cities Index. The city is a socio-ecological system with a physical structure where nature and humans develop together and interact. The city system is open to natural disasters headed by climate change and earthquakes and to human-made disasters. Since disasters inevitably occur, it is possible to regard Tokyo city as resilient, vulnerable and dangerous at one and the same time. As many cities around the world are subject to disasters, extensive public policies have been instrumentalised to counter the risk. Yet no other city has the level of resilience which Tokyo has. Moreover, Tokyo has been a major focus of technical and academic works on how to become a resilient city, and a city which has offered opportunities to put such works into practice.

Touching, from a holistic perspective, on the necessity for Tokyo to be a resilient city, this article seeks to identify the main, conscious approaches taken, efforts made and policies implemented by the public authorities. It also aims to open a discussion about the dangerous and vulnerable condition in which the city finds itself today, notwithstanding all the various efforts made. It is hoped that this discussion will give direction to the ideas and actions of individuals and decision-makers in other world cities, whether or not they have a vision of becoming resilient cities, and so contribute to resilient city efforts. The city is examined using the descriptive analysis method, and work on its current condition is evaluated critically. The evaluation is supported with visuals taken from active observations made on the spot in Tokyo.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Resilient City, Sustainable City, Dangerous City, Tokyo

Kaynakça

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