NATO Kuvvetler Statüsü Anlaşmasında Yargı Yetkisinin Taksimi ve Resmi Görevin Kapsamı

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 7 - 48, 31.12.2024

Muhammet Celal Kul

https://doi.org/10.59831/ihuhfd.2024.21

Öz

Bir yabancı devletin askeri personelini kendi ülkesine kabul eden devletin askerler üzerinde hem ceza davaları bakımından hem de hukuk davaları bakımından yargı yetkisi gündeme gelir. Bu konu uluslararası teamül kurallarınca yeterince belirlenemediğinden kuvvetler statüsü anlaşmalarına yazılan hükümlerle düzenlenir.
Kuvvetler statüsü anlaşmalarında yetkinin devletler arasında taksimi önemli bir konudur. Kabul eden devlet veya gönderen devletlerden hangisinin bir olay bakımından yargı yetkisi icra edebileceği uluslararası teamül kurallarına bakılarak kesin olarak söylenemeyeceğinden yetkinin ne şekilde paylaştırılacağı ve uygulanacağı ancak anlaşma müzakereleri neticesinde ortaya çıkacaktır.
Doktrinde yargı yetkisinin taksimi konusunda münhasır yetki, mütedahil yetki, şartlı yetki, rüçhanlı yetki gibi ayrımlar yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada NATO Kuvvetler Statüsü Anlaşması’nda hangi yetki taksimlerinin kabul edildiği karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alınmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra görev belgelerinin göreceği muamele, görev esnasında işlenen suçlar ve görevin kapsamı konuları NATO uygulamasında ele alınmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

NATO Kuvvetler Statüsü Anlaşması, münhasır yetki, mütedahil yetki, rüçhanlı yetki, öncelikli yetki, resmi görev belgesi.

Distribution of Jurisdiction under NATO SOFA and the Scope of Official Duty

Öz

When a host state permits the presence of foreign military personnel within its borders, questions of jurisdiction inevitably arise, encompassing both criminal and civil matters involving those individuals. As international customary law does not provide clear guidance on this issue, it is addressed through specific provisions outlined in status of forces agreements (SOFAs).
In Status of Forces Agreements (SOFAs), the distribution of jurisdiction between states represents a pivotal concern. International customary law does not provide a definitive answer as to whether jurisdiction over a specific incident lies with the receiving state or the sending state. Consequently, the delineation and application of jurisdiction are matters that must be resolved through negotiation.
Main theoretical classifications of jurisdiction include exclusive, concurrent, and conditional jurisdiction. This paper undertakes a comparative exploration of the types of jurisdictions acknowledged under the NATO Status of Forces Agreement, with particular emphasis on the primary right to exercise jurisdiction. Furthermore, it delves into the handling of official duty documents, the adjudication of offenses committed in the course of duty, and the interpretation of duty scope, all within the framework of NATO practices.

Anahtar Kelimeler

NATO SOFA, concurrent jurisdiction, exclusive jurisdiction, primary right to exercise jurisdiction, official duty documents.

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