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Adaptation of the quiet quitting scale for teachers to Turkish culture: An empirical psychometric investigation

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3, 463 - 480, 09.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.21449/ijate.1437506

Öz

The study aims to introduce to the Turkish culture a measurement tool that has proven validity and reliability in determining the level of quiet quitting among teachers. It involves the analysis of the validity and reliability of the Quiet Quitting Scale, as the scale is adapted to the Turkish culture. The scale, originally developed in English, was adapted to Turkish using data from teachers employed in public schools who were selected through convenience sampling. Confirmatory factor analysis was initially used to assess the construct validity of the original structure of the scale within the Turkish context. The findings indicated a good fit to the four-factor model, supported by adequate factor loadings and fit indices, thus confirming the scale’s validity within the Turkish culture. Reliability evaluation included internal consistency coefficients, test-retest stability, and composite reliability, all exceeding the threshold values. The test-retest analysis confirmed the stability of the scale, while the composite reliability analysis further supported its reliability. Measurement invariance across gender and tenure was examined, confirming that the scale can provide reliable comparisons across these demographic groups. Overall, these results demonstrate the successful adaptation of the Quiet Quitting Scale to Turkish culture and are supported by strong evidence of its validity and reliability.

Kaynakça

  • Altun, T., & Vural, S. (2012). Evaluation of the views of teachers and administrators of a science and art center (SAC) about professional development and school improvement. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 11(42), 152-177.
  • Arar, T., Çetiner, N., & Yurdakul, G. (2023). Quiet quitting: Building a comprehensive theoretical framework. Journal of Academic Researches and Studies, 15(28), 122-138.
  • Avcı, N. (2023). The relations between organizational cynicism, organizational silence, presenteeism and quiet quitting: The case of Istanbul Maltepe Municipality. Süleyman Demirel University Visionary Journal, 14(39), 968-989.
  • Bansal, V. (2023). Is quiet quitting a good idea? https://www.techtello.com/quiet-quitting/
  • Boz, D., Duran, C., Karayaman, S., & Deniz, A. (2023). Sessiz istifa ölçeği [Quite quitting scale]. C. Duran (Ed.), In Sessiz istifa [Quite quitting] (pp. 10-41). Eğitim yayınevi.
  • Brislin, R.W. (1970). Back-translation for cross-cultural research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1, 185–216.
  • Byrne, B.M., Shavelson, R.J., & Muthén, B. (1989). Testing for the equivalence of factor covariance and mean structures: The issue of partial measurement invariance. Psychological Bulletin, 105, 456-466. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.105.3.456
  • Chavarin, G. (2023). Re-framing quiet quitting: An opportunity for employers to improve the workplace. https://www.modernhealth.com/post/what-is-quiet-quitting
  • Chen, F.F. (2007). Sensitivity of goodness of fit indexes to lack of measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 14, 464 504. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705510701301834
  • Chen F.F. (2008). What happens if we compare chopsticks with forks? The impact of making inappropriate comparisons in cross-cultural research. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(5), 1005-1015. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013193
  • Cheung, G.W., & Rensvold, R.B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural equation modeling, 9(2), 233-255.
  • Cohen, J. (2022). Quiet quitting: the newest way to strike back against corporate greed. TMH The Miami Hurricane. https://www.themiamihurricane.com/2022/09/21/quiet-quitting-the-newest-way-to-strike-back-against-corporate-greed/
  • Darling-Hammond, L. (2000). How teacher education matters. Journal of Teacher Education, 51, 166 - 173. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022487100051003002
  • Daugherty, G., & Kvilhaug, S. (2022). What is quiet quitting-and is it a real trend? https://www.investopedia.com/what-is-quiet-quitting-6743910
  • Duman, C. (2023). Büyük istifadan sonra sessiz istifa. Independent Türkçe. https://www.indyturk.com/node/547061/t%C3%BCrki%CC%87yedensesler/b%C3%BCy%C3%BCk-istifadan-sonra-sessiz-istifa
  • Eflatun, M. (2023). Quiet quitting as a new concept: Characteristics, recognition and prevention. Journal of Academic Analysis, 1(1), 17-31.
  • Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 500-507.
  • Elgan, M. (2022). It’s time to quit quitting on the quiet quitters. https://www.computerworld.com/article/1613093/its-time-to-quit-quitting-on-the-quiet-quitters.html
  • Ergin, C. (1992). The doctors and nurses in burnout and adaptation of the Maslach burnout scale. VII. National Psychology Congress scientific studies, 22-25 September, Ankara.
  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
  • Gravesande, J., Richardson, J., Griffith, L., & Scott, F. (2019). Test-retest reliability, internal consistency, construct validity and factor structure of a falls risk perception questionnaire in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A prospective cohort study. Archives of physiotherapy, 9(1), 1-11.
  • Güler, M. (2023). A new concept in work culture: Quiet quitting. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 32(1), 247 261. https://doi.org/10.35379/cusosbil.1200345
  • Ingersoll, R.M., & Strong, M. (2011). The impact of induction and mentoring programs for beginning teachers: A critical review of the research. Review of Educational Research, 81(2), 201-233.
  • Hambleton, R.K., & Patsula, L. (1999). Increasing the validity of adapted tests: Myths to be avoided and guidelines for improving test adaptation practices. Journal of Applied Testing Technology, 1, 2. (online). http//www.testpublishers.org.journal.html
  • Hayes, A.F., & Coutts, J.J. (2020). Use omega rather than Cronbach's alpha for estimating reliability. But…. Communication Methods and Measures, 14(1), 1-24.
  • Hetler, A. (2022). Quiet quitting explained: Everything you need to know. https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/feature/Quiet quitting explained everything you need-to-know
  • Hu, L.-t., & Bentler, P.M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
  • International Test Commission. (2017). The ITC Guidelines for Translating and Adapting Tests (Second edition). www.InTestCom.org
  • Karaşin, Y., & Öztırak, M. (2023). Development of quiet quitting attitude scale. Cankırı Karatekin University Journal of the Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 13(4), 1443-1460. https://doi.org/10.18074/ckuiibfd.1311522
  • Kesmodel, U.S. (2018). Cross‐sectional studies–what are they good for?. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica, 97(4), 388-393.
  • Kline, R.B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. The Guilford Press.
  • Klotz, A.C. & Bolino, M.C. (2022). When quiet quitting is worse than the real thing. Harvard business review. https://hbr.org/2022/09/when quiet quitting is worse than the real thing
  • Kolev, G. (2022). What is “quiet quitting” (and should you join the trend). Officetopics.com. https://officetopics.com/what-is-quiet-quitting/
  • Kont, B. (2022). What is quiet quitting? Reasons and solutions for companies. https://www.ixtalent.com/comprehensive-approach-what-does-quiet-quitting-mean-to-companies/
  • Magill, A.L. (2002). Studying the needs and experiences of beginning teachers [Unpublished master’s thesis]. University of Alberta.
  • Mamona, S. (2022). 'Quiet quitting' is TikTok's antidote to generation burnout – but it only works for the privileged. https://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/article/quiet-quitting-is-a-privilege
  • Maslach, C. & Jackson, S.E. (1981). MBI Maslach burnout inventory (‘Human services survey’) Research Edition, Manual. Consulting Psychologist Press Inc.
  • McDonald, R.P. (2013). Test theory: A unified treatment. Psychology press.
  • Meade, A.W., Johnson, E.C., & Braddy, P.W. (2008). Power and sensitivity of alternative fit indices in tests of measurement invariance. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 568-592. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.93.3.568
  • Miller, K.L. (2022). Actually, we’ve been ‘quiet quitting’ and ‘quiet firing’ for years. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2022/09/08/quiet- quitting-quiet-firing-what-to do/
  • Millsap, R.E. (2011). Statistical approaches to measurement invariance. Routledge.
  • Millsap, R.E., & Cham, H. (2013). Investigating factorial invariance in longitudinal data. In B. Laursen, T.D. Little, & N.A. Card (Eds.), Handbook of developmental research methods (pp. 109-148). Guilford Press.
  • Morrison-Beedy, D. (2021). Building healthy academic communities in this post-pandemic brave new world. Building Healthy Academic Communities Journal, 5(2), 7. https://doi.org/10.18061/bhac.v5i2.8700
  • Muthén, L.K., & Muthén, B.O. (2012). Latent variable modeling using Mplus: Day 2. https://www.statmodel.com/download/handouts/Beijing2012-Day2.pdf
  • Muthén, L.K., & Muthén, B.O. (1998-2017). Mplus user’s guide (Eighth Edition). Muthén & Muthén.
  • Oranje, A.H. (2001). Teacher shortages, teacher job satisfaction, and professionalism: Teacher assistants in Dutch secondary schools. Reports Research, (143). https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED453194.pdf
  • O’Rourke, N., & Hatcher, L. (2013). A step-by-step approach to using SAS for factor analysis and structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). SAS Institute Inc.
  • Önder, N. (2022). Herkesin konuştuğu sessiz istifa nedir? [What is the silent resignation that everyone is talking about?] https://www.marketingturkiye.com.tr/haberler/sessiz-istifa-nedir
  • Özgün, Ö. (2005). The relationship of novice Turkish early childhood education teachers? professional needs, experiences, effıicacy beliefs, school climate for promoting early childhood learning, and job satisfaction [Unpublished PhD Thesis]. Syracuse University.
  • Rickham P.P. (1964). Human experimentation. Code of ethics of the world medical association (Declaration of Helsinki). Can Med Assoc J, 2(5402), 177.
  • Rogers, G. (2022). When will “quiet quitting” impact student success? https://www.edsights.io/post/when-will-quiet-quitting-impact-student-success
  • Santoro, D. (2019). The problem with stories about teacher “burnout”. Phi Delta Kappan, 101, 26-33. https://doi.org/10.1177/0031721719892971
  • Savaş, B.Ç., & Turan, M. (2023). Quiet quitting scale: Validity and reliability study. The Online Journal of Recreation and Sports, 12(3), 442-453.
  • Schmitt, N., & Kuljanin, G. (2008). Measurement invariance: Review of practice and implications. Human Resource Management Review, 18(4), 210-222.
  • Scott, E. (2022). Could ‘quiet quitting’ your job be the answer to burnout? What you need to know. https://metro.co.uk/2022/07/29/could-the-quiet-quitting-trend-be-the-answer-to-burnout-what-you-need-to-know-17085827/
  • Seçer, İ. (2015). Psikolojik test geliştirme ve uyarlama süreci: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları [Psychological test development and adaptation process: SPSS and LISREL applications]. Anı Publication.
  • Şen, S. (2020). Mplus ile yapısal eşitlik modellemesi uygulamaları [Structural equation modeling applications with Mplus]. Nobel Academy.
  • Thomas, A., Prater, E., Jones, E., Whiteside, M., & Reyes, P. (2022). A research view of quiet quitting for gig faculty in academic faculty positions: Part 2 of 3. International Supply Chain Technology Journal, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.20545/isctj.v08.i02.01
  • Thompson, D. (2022). Quiet quitting is a fake trend The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/newsletters/archive/2022/09/quiet-quitting-trend-employee-disengagement/671436/
  • Türk Dil Kurumu. (2024). Türk Dil Kurumu güncel sözlük [Turkish Language Association current dictionary]. https://sozluk.gov.tr/
  • Wheeler, M.A. (2022). Quiet quitting: A path to work engagement? Psychology today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/ethically speaking/202209/quiet quitting path-work-engagement
  • Xu, H., & Tracey, T.J. (2017). Use of multi-group confirmatory factor analysis in examining measurement invariance in counseling psychology research. The European Journal of Counselling Psychology, 6(1), 75-82. https//doi.org/10.5964/ejcop.v6i1.120
  • Yıkılmaz, İ. (2022). Quiet quitting: A conceptual investigation. Anadolu 10th International Conference on Social Sciences, 15-16 Ekim, Diyarbakır, Türkiye.
  • Yıldız, S. (2023). Quiet quitting: Causes, consequences, and suggestions. International Social Mentality and Researcher Thinkers Journal, 9(70), 3180-3190.
  • Yıldız, S., & Özmenekşe, Y.O. (2022). An aftermath for worklife: Quiet quitting. Al-Farabi International Journal on Social Sciences, 7(4), 14-24.
  • Yücedağlar, A., Gılıç, F., Uzun, N.B., & İnandı, Y. (2024). The quiet quitting of teachers: A validity and reliability study. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Education Faculty, 69, 227-251.
  • Zainudin, A. (2012). A handbook on SEM: Structural equation modelling using AMOS graphics. University Technology MARA Press.

Adaptation of the quiet quitting scale for teachers to Turkish culture: An empirical psychometric investigation

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3, 463 - 480, 09.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.21449/ijate.1437506

Öz

The study aims to introduce to the Turkish culture a measurement tool that has proven validity and reliability in determining the level of quiet quitting among teachers. It involves the analysis of the validity and reliability of the Quiet Quitting Scale, as the scale is adapted to the Turkish culture. The scale, originally developed in English, was adapted to Turkish using data from teachers employed in public schools who were selected through convenience sampling. Confirmatory factor analysis was initially used to assess the construct validity of the original structure of the scale within the Turkish context. The findings indicated a good fit to the four-factor model, supported by adequate factor loadings and fit indices, thus confirming the scale’s validity within the Turkish culture. Reliability evaluation included internal consistency coefficients, test-retest stability, and composite reliability, all exceeding the threshold values. The test-retest analysis confirmed the stability of the scale, while the composite reliability analysis further supported its reliability. Measurement invariance across gender and tenure was examined, confirming that the scale can provide reliable comparisons across these demographic groups. Overall, these results demonstrate the successful adaptation of the Quiet Quitting Scale to Turkish culture and are supported by strong evidence of its validity and reliability.

Etik Beyan

The study received ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of Fırat University, Social and Humanities Research, on August 3, 2023, with reference number 2023/14. All procedures conducted adhered to the ethical standards set by the committee, as well as the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its subsequent revisions.

Teşekkür

We would like to extend our sincere gratitude to all the teachers who participated in our survey, generously sharing their insights and experiences. Additionally, we express our appreciation to the editor and reviewers of this journal for their invaluable feedback and guidance throughout the review process.

Kaynakça

  • Altun, T., & Vural, S. (2012). Evaluation of the views of teachers and administrators of a science and art center (SAC) about professional development and school improvement. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 11(42), 152-177.
  • Arar, T., Çetiner, N., & Yurdakul, G. (2023). Quiet quitting: Building a comprehensive theoretical framework. Journal of Academic Researches and Studies, 15(28), 122-138.
  • Avcı, N. (2023). The relations between organizational cynicism, organizational silence, presenteeism and quiet quitting: The case of Istanbul Maltepe Municipality. Süleyman Demirel University Visionary Journal, 14(39), 968-989.
  • Bansal, V. (2023). Is quiet quitting a good idea? https://www.techtello.com/quiet-quitting/
  • Boz, D., Duran, C., Karayaman, S., & Deniz, A. (2023). Sessiz istifa ölçeği [Quite quitting scale]. C. Duran (Ed.), In Sessiz istifa [Quite quitting] (pp. 10-41). Eğitim yayınevi.
  • Brislin, R.W. (1970). Back-translation for cross-cultural research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1, 185–216.
  • Byrne, B.M., Shavelson, R.J., & Muthén, B. (1989). Testing for the equivalence of factor covariance and mean structures: The issue of partial measurement invariance. Psychological Bulletin, 105, 456-466. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.105.3.456
  • Chavarin, G. (2023). Re-framing quiet quitting: An opportunity for employers to improve the workplace. https://www.modernhealth.com/post/what-is-quiet-quitting
  • Chen, F.F. (2007). Sensitivity of goodness of fit indexes to lack of measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 14, 464 504. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705510701301834
  • Chen F.F. (2008). What happens if we compare chopsticks with forks? The impact of making inappropriate comparisons in cross-cultural research. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(5), 1005-1015. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013193
  • Cheung, G.W., & Rensvold, R.B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural equation modeling, 9(2), 233-255.
  • Cohen, J. (2022). Quiet quitting: the newest way to strike back against corporate greed. TMH The Miami Hurricane. https://www.themiamihurricane.com/2022/09/21/quiet-quitting-the-newest-way-to-strike-back-against-corporate-greed/
  • Darling-Hammond, L. (2000). How teacher education matters. Journal of Teacher Education, 51, 166 - 173. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022487100051003002
  • Daugherty, G., & Kvilhaug, S. (2022). What is quiet quitting-and is it a real trend? https://www.investopedia.com/what-is-quiet-quitting-6743910
  • Duman, C. (2023). Büyük istifadan sonra sessiz istifa. Independent Türkçe. https://www.indyturk.com/node/547061/t%C3%BCrki%CC%87yedensesler/b%C3%BCy%C3%BCk-istifadan-sonra-sessiz-istifa
  • Eflatun, M. (2023). Quiet quitting as a new concept: Characteristics, recognition and prevention. Journal of Academic Analysis, 1(1), 17-31.
  • Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 500-507.
  • Elgan, M. (2022). It’s time to quit quitting on the quiet quitters. https://www.computerworld.com/article/1613093/its-time-to-quit-quitting-on-the-quiet-quitters.html
  • Ergin, C. (1992). The doctors and nurses in burnout and adaptation of the Maslach burnout scale. VII. National Psychology Congress scientific studies, 22-25 September, Ankara.
  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
  • Gravesande, J., Richardson, J., Griffith, L., & Scott, F. (2019). Test-retest reliability, internal consistency, construct validity and factor structure of a falls risk perception questionnaire in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A prospective cohort study. Archives of physiotherapy, 9(1), 1-11.
  • Güler, M. (2023). A new concept in work culture: Quiet quitting. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 32(1), 247 261. https://doi.org/10.35379/cusosbil.1200345
  • Ingersoll, R.M., & Strong, M. (2011). The impact of induction and mentoring programs for beginning teachers: A critical review of the research. Review of Educational Research, 81(2), 201-233.
  • Hambleton, R.K., & Patsula, L. (1999). Increasing the validity of adapted tests: Myths to be avoided and guidelines for improving test adaptation practices. Journal of Applied Testing Technology, 1, 2. (online). http//www.testpublishers.org.journal.html
  • Hayes, A.F., & Coutts, J.J. (2020). Use omega rather than Cronbach's alpha for estimating reliability. But…. Communication Methods and Measures, 14(1), 1-24.
  • Hetler, A. (2022). Quiet quitting explained: Everything you need to know. https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/feature/Quiet quitting explained everything you need-to-know
  • Hu, L.-t., & Bentler, P.M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
  • International Test Commission. (2017). The ITC Guidelines for Translating and Adapting Tests (Second edition). www.InTestCom.org
  • Karaşin, Y., & Öztırak, M. (2023). Development of quiet quitting attitude scale. Cankırı Karatekin University Journal of the Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 13(4), 1443-1460. https://doi.org/10.18074/ckuiibfd.1311522
  • Kesmodel, U.S. (2018). Cross‐sectional studies–what are they good for?. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica, 97(4), 388-393.
  • Kline, R.B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. The Guilford Press.
  • Klotz, A.C. & Bolino, M.C. (2022). When quiet quitting is worse than the real thing. Harvard business review. https://hbr.org/2022/09/when quiet quitting is worse than the real thing
  • Kolev, G. (2022). What is “quiet quitting” (and should you join the trend). Officetopics.com. https://officetopics.com/what-is-quiet-quitting/
  • Kont, B. (2022). What is quiet quitting? Reasons and solutions for companies. https://www.ixtalent.com/comprehensive-approach-what-does-quiet-quitting-mean-to-companies/
  • Magill, A.L. (2002). Studying the needs and experiences of beginning teachers [Unpublished master’s thesis]. University of Alberta.
  • Mamona, S. (2022). 'Quiet quitting' is TikTok's antidote to generation burnout – but it only works for the privileged. https://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/article/quiet-quitting-is-a-privilege
  • Maslach, C. & Jackson, S.E. (1981). MBI Maslach burnout inventory (‘Human services survey’) Research Edition, Manual. Consulting Psychologist Press Inc.
  • McDonald, R.P. (2013). Test theory: A unified treatment. Psychology press.
  • Meade, A.W., Johnson, E.C., & Braddy, P.W. (2008). Power and sensitivity of alternative fit indices in tests of measurement invariance. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 568-592. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.93.3.568
  • Miller, K.L. (2022). Actually, we’ve been ‘quiet quitting’ and ‘quiet firing’ for years. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2022/09/08/quiet- quitting-quiet-firing-what-to do/
  • Millsap, R.E. (2011). Statistical approaches to measurement invariance. Routledge.
  • Millsap, R.E., & Cham, H. (2013). Investigating factorial invariance in longitudinal data. In B. Laursen, T.D. Little, & N.A. Card (Eds.), Handbook of developmental research methods (pp. 109-148). Guilford Press.
  • Morrison-Beedy, D. (2021). Building healthy academic communities in this post-pandemic brave new world. Building Healthy Academic Communities Journal, 5(2), 7. https://doi.org/10.18061/bhac.v5i2.8700
  • Muthén, L.K., & Muthén, B.O. (2012). Latent variable modeling using Mplus: Day 2. https://www.statmodel.com/download/handouts/Beijing2012-Day2.pdf
  • Muthén, L.K., & Muthén, B.O. (1998-2017). Mplus user’s guide (Eighth Edition). Muthén & Muthén.
  • Oranje, A.H. (2001). Teacher shortages, teacher job satisfaction, and professionalism: Teacher assistants in Dutch secondary schools. Reports Research, (143). https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED453194.pdf
  • O’Rourke, N., & Hatcher, L. (2013). A step-by-step approach to using SAS for factor analysis and structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). SAS Institute Inc.
  • Önder, N. (2022). Herkesin konuştuğu sessiz istifa nedir? [What is the silent resignation that everyone is talking about?] https://www.marketingturkiye.com.tr/haberler/sessiz-istifa-nedir
  • Özgün, Ö. (2005). The relationship of novice Turkish early childhood education teachers? professional needs, experiences, effıicacy beliefs, school climate for promoting early childhood learning, and job satisfaction [Unpublished PhD Thesis]. Syracuse University.
  • Rickham P.P. (1964). Human experimentation. Code of ethics of the world medical association (Declaration of Helsinki). Can Med Assoc J, 2(5402), 177.
  • Rogers, G. (2022). When will “quiet quitting” impact student success? https://www.edsights.io/post/when-will-quiet-quitting-impact-student-success
  • Santoro, D. (2019). The problem with stories about teacher “burnout”. Phi Delta Kappan, 101, 26-33. https://doi.org/10.1177/0031721719892971
  • Savaş, B.Ç., & Turan, M. (2023). Quiet quitting scale: Validity and reliability study. The Online Journal of Recreation and Sports, 12(3), 442-453.
  • Schmitt, N., & Kuljanin, G. (2008). Measurement invariance: Review of practice and implications. Human Resource Management Review, 18(4), 210-222.
  • Scott, E. (2022). Could ‘quiet quitting’ your job be the answer to burnout? What you need to know. https://metro.co.uk/2022/07/29/could-the-quiet-quitting-trend-be-the-answer-to-burnout-what-you-need-to-know-17085827/
  • Seçer, İ. (2015). Psikolojik test geliştirme ve uyarlama süreci: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları [Psychological test development and adaptation process: SPSS and LISREL applications]. Anı Publication.
  • Şen, S. (2020). Mplus ile yapısal eşitlik modellemesi uygulamaları [Structural equation modeling applications with Mplus]. Nobel Academy.
  • Thomas, A., Prater, E., Jones, E., Whiteside, M., & Reyes, P. (2022). A research view of quiet quitting for gig faculty in academic faculty positions: Part 2 of 3. International Supply Chain Technology Journal, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.20545/isctj.v08.i02.01
  • Thompson, D. (2022). Quiet quitting is a fake trend The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/newsletters/archive/2022/09/quiet-quitting-trend-employee-disengagement/671436/
  • Türk Dil Kurumu. (2024). Türk Dil Kurumu güncel sözlük [Turkish Language Association current dictionary]. https://sozluk.gov.tr/
  • Wheeler, M.A. (2022). Quiet quitting: A path to work engagement? Psychology today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/ethically speaking/202209/quiet quitting path-work-engagement
  • Xu, H., & Tracey, T.J. (2017). Use of multi-group confirmatory factor analysis in examining measurement invariance in counseling psychology research. The European Journal of Counselling Psychology, 6(1), 75-82. https//doi.org/10.5964/ejcop.v6i1.120
  • Yıkılmaz, İ. (2022). Quiet quitting: A conceptual investigation. Anadolu 10th International Conference on Social Sciences, 15-16 Ekim, Diyarbakır, Türkiye.
  • Yıldız, S. (2023). Quiet quitting: Causes, consequences, and suggestions. International Social Mentality and Researcher Thinkers Journal, 9(70), 3180-3190.
  • Yıldız, S., & Özmenekşe, Y.O. (2022). An aftermath for worklife: Quiet quitting. Al-Farabi International Journal on Social Sciences, 7(4), 14-24.
  • Yücedağlar, A., Gılıç, F., Uzun, N.B., & İnandı, Y. (2024). The quiet quitting of teachers: A validity and reliability study. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Education Faculty, 69, 227-251.
  • Zainudin, A. (2012). A handbook on SEM: Structural equation modelling using AMOS graphics. University Technology MARA Press.
Toplam 67 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Kültürlerarası Ölçek Uyarlama
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Müslim Alanoğlu 0000-0003-1828-4593

Songül Karabatak 0000-0002-1303-2429

Alper Uslukaya 0000-0003-1455-8438

Ayşenur Kuloğlu 0000-0003-0217-8497

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 27 Ağustos 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 9 Eylül 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Şubat 2024
Kabul Tarihi 13 Mayıs 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Alanoğlu, M., Karabatak, S., Uslukaya, A., Kuloğlu, A. (2024). Adaptation of the quiet quitting scale for teachers to Turkish culture: An empirical psychometric investigation. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education, 11(3), 463-480. https://doi.org/10.21449/ijate.1437506

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