Araştırma Makalesi
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SOSYAL MEDYA ETKİLEŞİMİ, İÇERİK KALİTESİ VE SOSYAL MEDYA DÜRTÜSELLİĞİNİN ANLIK SATIN ALMA DAVRANIŞINA ETKİSİ: ÜRÜN KATEGORİSİNE ÖZGÜ BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2, 437 - 461, 28.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.17130/ijmeb.1430842

Öz

Artan sosyal medya etkileşimi ile birlikte kaliteli içeriğe denk gelmek muhtemeldir. Sosyal ağlarda
satın aldıkları mal ve hizmetler hakkında içerik paylaşan tüketiciler, diğer tüketicilerin satın alma
kararlarını etkileyebilmektedir. Ayrıca etkileşim sağlayan bu içerikler, platformu daha dürtüsel yaparak
tüketicilerin anlık satın alma kararında rol oynayabilmektedir. Yeni nesil rekabet aracı olan sosyal
medyayı bu bakımdan ele almak markalar ve işletmeler açısından önemlidir. Mevcut araştırma, sosyal
medya etkileşimleri ile anlık satın alma davranışı arasındaki ilişkide, içerik kalitesinin ve sosyal medya
dürtüselliğinin rolünü bebek ve çocuk ürünleri kategorisi özelinde ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu
bakımdan söz konusu çalışma ilgili kavramların kategorik bağlamda aracı etkilerinin değerlendirildiği ilk
çalışmadır. Araştırmada 515 bebek ve çocuk ürünleri tüketicisinden oluşan bir örneklem üzerinde SmartPLS
yazılımı ile yapısal eşitlik modellemesi uygulanmıştır. Veriler üstel ayrımcı olmayan kartopu örnekleme
yöntemi ve çevrim içi anket tekniği ile toplanmıştır. Araştırma bulguları, sosyal medya etkileşimlerinin,
içerik kalitesini ve sosyal medya dürtüselliğini pozitif yönde etkilediğini ortaya koymaktadır. Öte yandan
sosyal medya dürtüselliği, anlık satın alma davranışını önemli ölçüde etkilemesine rağmen aynı etki içerik
kalitesi bağlamında gerçekleşmemiştir. Ayrıca sosyal medya etkileşimleri ile anlık satın alma davranışı
arasındaki ilişkide, sosyal medya dürtüselliğinin tam aracı rol oynadığı tespit edilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Aragoncillo, L., & Orus, C. (2018). Impulse buying behaviour: An online-offline comparative and the impact of social media. Spanish Journal of Marketing, 22(1), 42-62. https://doi.org/10.1108/ SJME-03-2018-007
  • Ariel, Y., & Avidar, R. (2015). Information, interactivity, and social media. Atlantic Journal of Communication, 23(1), 19-30. https://doi.org/10.1080/15456870.2015.972404
  • Ayazoğlu, B. A., Aksu, M., ÜnüboL, H., & Sayar, G. H. (2019). Alışveriş bağımlılığı. Etkileşim, (4), 44- 64. https://doi.org/10.32739/etkilesim.2019.4.63
  • Bansal, M., & Kumar, S. (2018). Impact of social media marketing on online impulse buying behaviour. Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education, 15(5), 136-139.
  • Başoğlu, R. (2020). Annelerin sosyal medya kullanımı ve Instagramda olan popüler anneler. Akademik Tarih ve Düşünce Dergisi, 7(1), 857-873.
  • Baykal Alkan, E. N. (2018). Anne ve bebek ürünlerinde ebeveynlerin çevrimiçi satın alma niyetlerine etki eden faktörler (Yanyınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Bahçşehir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. İstanbul.
  • Beatty, S. E., & Ferrell, M. E. (1998). Impulse buying: Modeling its precursors. Journal of Retailing, 74(2), 169-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4359(99)80092-X
  • Bilsel, H., & Yunus, C. (2019). Anne-bebek kategorisi kapsamında markalama stratejilerinde nüfuz pazarlamanın önemi. Akdeniz Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, (32), 298-322. https://doi. org/10.31123/akil.620629
  • Boon-Long, S., & Wongsurawat, W. (2015). Social media marketing evaluation using social network comments as an indicator for identifying consumer purchasing decision effectiveness. Journal of Direct, Data and Digital Marketing Practice, 17, 130-149. https://doi.org/10.1057/dddmp.2015.51
  • Çakır, M. Ö., & Tolmaç, S. (2023). Türkiye nüfusunun yüzde 26,5’i çocuk. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/ gundem/turkiye-nufusunun-yuzde-26-5i-cocuk/2875050# sayfasından erişilmiştir. Erişim Tarihi: 31.01.2024
  • Canarslan, N. Ö., & Uz, C. Y. (2023). Annelerin anne-çocuk kategorisinde faydacı ve hedonik satın alma motivasyonlarının anlık satın alma davranışları üzerine etkisi. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 23(3), 921-942.
  • Cheung, G. W., Cooper-Thomas, H. D., Lau, R. S., & Wang, L. C. (2023). Reporting reliability, convergent and discriminant validity with structural equation modeling: A review and best-practice recommendations. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 1-39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490- 023-09871-y
  • Chou, C. H., Wang, Y. S., & Tang, T. I. (2015). Exploring the determinants of knowledge adoption in virtual communities: A social influence perspective. International Journal of Information Management, 35(3), 364-376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2015.02
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
  • Coley, A., & Burgess, B. (2003). Gender differences in cognitive and affective impulse buying. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal, 7(3), 282-295. https://doi. org/10.1108/13612020310484834
  • Dash, G., & Paul, J. (2021). CB-SEM vs PLS-SEM methods for research in social sciences and technology forecasting. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 173, 121092, 1-11. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121092
  • Digital Global Overview Report (2023). The essential guide to the world’s connected behaviours. https:// wearesocial.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Digital-2023-Global-Overview-Report.pdf sayfasından erişilmiştir. Erişim Tarihi: 31.01.2024
  • Dinçer, H. (2021). 2 milyar dolarlık bebek ve çocuk ürünleri sektörü, yılda ortalama yüzde 20 büyüyor. https://www.cbmeturkey.com/tr/medya/basin-bultenleri/2-milyar-dolarlik-bebek-ve-cocukurunler-sektoru-yilda-ortalama-yuzde-20-buyuyor.html sayfasından erişilmiştir. Erişim Tarihi: 31.01.2024
  • Ergül, G., & Yıldız, S. (2021). Sosyal medyada sosyal annelik: Instagram anneliği. Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 11(2), 611-627.
  • Erkan, I., & Evans, C. (2016). The influence of eWOM in social media on consumers’ purchase intentions: An extended approach to information adoption. Computers in Human Behavior, 61, 47-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.003
  • Etikan, I., Alkassim, R., & Abubakar, S. (2016). Comparision of snowball sampling and sequential sampling technique. Biometrics and Biostatistics International Journal, 3(1), 00055,1-2.
  • Filieri, R. (2015). What makes online reviews helpful? A diagnosticity-adoption framework to explain informational and normative influences in e-WOM. Journal of Business Research, 68(6), 1261- 1270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2014.11.006
  • Floh, A., & Madlberger, M. (2013). The role of atmospheric cues in online impulse-buying behavior. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 12(6), 425-439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2013.06.001
  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. https://doi. org/10.1177/002224378101800104
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THE EFFECT OF SOCIAL MEDIA INTERACTION, CONTENT QUALITY AND SOCIAL MEDIA IMPULSIVITY ON IMPULSE BUYING BEHAVIOR: A PRODUCT CATEGORY SPECIFIC RESEARCH

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2, 437 - 461, 28.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.17130/ijmeb.1430842

Öz

With increased social media interaction, it is possible to come across quality content. Consumers
who share content about the goods and services they purchase on social networks can influence the
purchasing decisions of other consumers. In addition, these interactive contents can play a role in
consumers’ impulse purchasing decisions by making the platform more impulsive. In this respect, it is
important for brands and businesses to consider social media, which is a new generation competitive
tool. The current research aims to reveal the role of content quality and social media impulsivity in the relationship between social media interactions and impulse buying behavior, specific to the baby and
children’s products category. In this respect, the study in question is the first study in which the mediating
effects of relevant concepts are evaluated in a categorical context. In the study, structural equation
modeling was applied with SmartPLS software on a sample of 515 consumers of baby and children’s
products. Data were collected by exponential non-discriminatory snowball sampling method and online
survey technique. Research findings reveal that social media interactions positively affect content quality
and social media impulsivity. On the other hand, although social media impulsivity significantly affects
impulse buying behavior, the same effect did not occur in the context of content quality. In addition,
social media impulsivity was found to play a full mediating role in the relationship between social media
interactions and impulse buying behavior.

Kaynakça

  • Aragoncillo, L., & Orus, C. (2018). Impulse buying behaviour: An online-offline comparative and the impact of social media. Spanish Journal of Marketing, 22(1), 42-62. https://doi.org/10.1108/ SJME-03-2018-007
  • Ariel, Y., & Avidar, R. (2015). Information, interactivity, and social media. Atlantic Journal of Communication, 23(1), 19-30. https://doi.org/10.1080/15456870.2015.972404
  • Ayazoğlu, B. A., Aksu, M., ÜnüboL, H., & Sayar, G. H. (2019). Alışveriş bağımlılığı. Etkileşim, (4), 44- 64. https://doi.org/10.32739/etkilesim.2019.4.63
  • Bansal, M., & Kumar, S. (2018). Impact of social media marketing on online impulse buying behaviour. Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education, 15(5), 136-139.
  • Başoğlu, R. (2020). Annelerin sosyal medya kullanımı ve Instagramda olan popüler anneler. Akademik Tarih ve Düşünce Dergisi, 7(1), 857-873.
  • Baykal Alkan, E. N. (2018). Anne ve bebek ürünlerinde ebeveynlerin çevrimiçi satın alma niyetlerine etki eden faktörler (Yanyınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Bahçşehir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. İstanbul.
  • Beatty, S. E., & Ferrell, M. E. (1998). Impulse buying: Modeling its precursors. Journal of Retailing, 74(2), 169-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4359(99)80092-X
  • Bilsel, H., & Yunus, C. (2019). Anne-bebek kategorisi kapsamında markalama stratejilerinde nüfuz pazarlamanın önemi. Akdeniz Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, (32), 298-322. https://doi. org/10.31123/akil.620629
  • Boon-Long, S., & Wongsurawat, W. (2015). Social media marketing evaluation using social network comments as an indicator for identifying consumer purchasing decision effectiveness. Journal of Direct, Data and Digital Marketing Practice, 17, 130-149. https://doi.org/10.1057/dddmp.2015.51
  • Çakır, M. Ö., & Tolmaç, S. (2023). Türkiye nüfusunun yüzde 26,5’i çocuk. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/ gundem/turkiye-nufusunun-yuzde-26-5i-cocuk/2875050# sayfasından erişilmiştir. Erişim Tarihi: 31.01.2024
  • Canarslan, N. Ö., & Uz, C. Y. (2023). Annelerin anne-çocuk kategorisinde faydacı ve hedonik satın alma motivasyonlarının anlık satın alma davranışları üzerine etkisi. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 23(3), 921-942.
  • Cheung, G. W., Cooper-Thomas, H. D., Lau, R. S., & Wang, L. C. (2023). Reporting reliability, convergent and discriminant validity with structural equation modeling: A review and best-practice recommendations. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 1-39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490- 023-09871-y
  • Chou, C. H., Wang, Y. S., & Tang, T. I. (2015). Exploring the determinants of knowledge adoption in virtual communities: A social influence perspective. International Journal of Information Management, 35(3), 364-376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2015.02
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
  • Coley, A., & Burgess, B. (2003). Gender differences in cognitive and affective impulse buying. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal, 7(3), 282-295. https://doi. org/10.1108/13612020310484834
  • Dash, G., & Paul, J. (2021). CB-SEM vs PLS-SEM methods for research in social sciences and technology forecasting. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 173, 121092, 1-11. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121092
  • Digital Global Overview Report (2023). The essential guide to the world’s connected behaviours. https:// wearesocial.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Digital-2023-Global-Overview-Report.pdf sayfasından erişilmiştir. Erişim Tarihi: 31.01.2024
  • Dinçer, H. (2021). 2 milyar dolarlık bebek ve çocuk ürünleri sektörü, yılda ortalama yüzde 20 büyüyor. https://www.cbmeturkey.com/tr/medya/basin-bultenleri/2-milyar-dolarlik-bebek-ve-cocukurunler-sektoru-yilda-ortalama-yuzde-20-buyuyor.html sayfasından erişilmiştir. Erişim Tarihi: 31.01.2024
  • Ergül, G., & Yıldız, S. (2021). Sosyal medyada sosyal annelik: Instagram anneliği. Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 11(2), 611-627.
  • Erkan, I., & Evans, C. (2016). The influence of eWOM in social media on consumers’ purchase intentions: An extended approach to information adoption. Computers in Human Behavior, 61, 47-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.003
  • Etikan, I., Alkassim, R., & Abubakar, S. (2016). Comparision of snowball sampling and sequential sampling technique. Biometrics and Biostatistics International Journal, 3(1), 00055,1-2.
  • Filieri, R. (2015). What makes online reviews helpful? A diagnosticity-adoption framework to explain informational and normative influences in e-WOM. Journal of Business Research, 68(6), 1261- 1270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2014.11.006
  • Floh, A., & Madlberger, M. (2013). The role of atmospheric cues in online impulse-buying behavior. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 12(6), 425-439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2013.06.001
  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. https://doi. org/10.1177/002224378101800104
  • Gefen, D., & Straub, D. (2005). A practical guide to factorial validity using PLS-Graph: Tutorial and annotated example. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 16(5), 91-109. t: https://aisel.aisnet.org/cais/vol16/iss1/5
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  • Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(2), 139-152. https://doi.org/10.2753/MTP1069-6679190202
  • Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L., & Kuppelwieser, V.G. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): An emerging tool in business research. European Business Review, 26(2), 106-121. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-10-2013-0128
  • Han, M. C. (2023). Checkout button and online consumer impulse-buying behavior in social commerce: A trust transfer perspective. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 74, 10343, 1-12. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2023.103431
  • Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43, 115-135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
  • Hong, I. B., & Cha, H. S. (2013). The mediating role of consumer trust in an online merchant in predicting purchase intention. International Journal of Information Management, 33(6), 927-939. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2013.08.007
  • İpekoğlu, E. (2021). Exploring the effect of social media influencers on buyer decision process in context of insta-moms (Doctoral Thesis). https://gcris.ieu.edu.tr/bitstream/20.500.14365/221/1/221.pdf sayfasından erişilmiştir. Erişim Tarihi: 31.01.2024
  • Jones, M. A., Reynolds, K. E., Weun, S., & Beatty, S. E. (2003). The product-specific nature of impulse buying tendency. Journal of Business Research, 56(7), 505-511. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148- 2963(01)00250-8
  • Kadıoğlu, C. T., & Şahin, A. (2017). Hamile kadınların sosyal medya kullanımı ve satın alma kararları ile ilişkisi: Mersin’de bir araştırma. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(4), 981-991.
  • Khatib, F. (2016). The impact of social media characteristics on purchase decision empirical study of Saudi customers in Aseer Region. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 7(4), 41-50.
  • Ki, C. W. C., Park, S., & Kim, Y. K. (2022). Investigating the mechanism through which consumers are “inspired by” social media influencers and “inspired to” adopt influencers’ exemplars as social defaults. Journal of Business Research, 144, 264-277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.01.071
  • Kwahk, K. Y., & Kim, B. (2017). Effects of social media on consumers’ purchase decisions: Evidence from Taobao. Service Business, 11, 803-829. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11628-016-0331-4
  • Lestari, F. (2020). Social media content of Instagram on impulse buying. Review of Behavioral Aspect in Organizations and Society, 2(2), 59-66. https://doi.org/10.32770/rbaos.vol259-66
  • Maecker, O., Barrot, C., & Becker, J. U. (2016). The effect of social media interactions on customer relationship management. Business Research, 9, 133-155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40685-016- 0027-6
  • Olgaç, S., & Yılmaz, V. (2023). Kısmi en küçük kareler yapısal eşitlik modellemesi ve sosyal bilimlerde uygulama örnekleri. İçinde E. Arı & H. Şen (Ed.). Kısmi en küçük kareler yapısal eşitlik modellemesi (KEKK-YEM) (s. 3-25). Ankara: İKSAD.
  • Onofrei, G., Filieri, R., & Kennedy, L. (2022). Social media interactions, purchase intention, and behavioral engagement: The mediating role of source and content factors. Journal of Business Research, 142, 100-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.12.031
  • Onurlu, Ö., Bilgiseven, B., & Bilgili, S. (2022). Influencerın kaynak güvenilirli̇ğini̇n satın alma niyeti̇ üzeri̇ne etki̇si̇nde marka güveninin aracı rolü (Annelere yöneli̇k bebek bakım ürünleri üzeri̇ne araştırma). Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi,36(2), 165-174. https://doi. org/10.54614/TBE.2022.951054
  • Park, N., Kee, K. F., & Valenzuela, S. (2009). Being immersed in social networking environment: Facebook groups, uses and gratifications, and social outcomes. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 12(6), 729-733. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2009.0003
  • Pellegrino, A., Abe, M., & Shannon, R. (2022). The dark side of social media: Content effects on the relationship between materialism and consumption behaviors. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 870614, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.870614
  • Shamim, K., & Islam, T. (2022). Digital influencer marketing: How message credibility and media credibility affect trust and impulsive buying. Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science, 32(4), 601-626. https://doi.org/10.1080/21639159.2022.2052342
  • Shetty, D., & Lobo, G. A. (2023). A study on the impact of Instagram marketing on consumer buying behaviour for organic baby food products before and after pandemic. Phronimos, 3(2), 48-60.
  • Singh, P., Sharma, B. K., Arora, L., & Bhatt, V. (2023). Measuring social media impact on impulse buying behavior. Cogent Business & Management, 10(3), 2262371, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/2 3311975.2023.2262371
  • Sussman, S.W. & Siegal, W.S. (2003). Informational influence in organizations: An integrated approach to knowledge adoption. Information Systems Research, 14(1), 47-65. https://doi.org/10.1287/ isre.14.1.47.14767
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  • Vargo, S.L., & Lusch, R.F. (2016). Institutions and axioms: an extension and update of service-dominant logic. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science. 44, 5–23 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747- 015-0456-3
  • Xi, H., Hong, Z., Jianshan, S., Li, X., Jiuchang, W., & Davison, R. (2016). Impulsive purchase behaviour in social commerce: The role of social influence. Proceedings of the 20th Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, Chiayi, June 27-July 1.
  • Xiang, L., Zheng, X., Lee, M. K., & Zhao, D. (2016). Exploring consumers’ impulse buying behavior on social commerce platform: The role of parasocial interaction. International Journal of Information Management, 36(3), 333-347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2015.11.002
  • Yang, P., Sheng, H., Yang, C., & Feng, Y. (2024). How social media promotes impulsive buying: examining the role of customer inspiration. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 124(2), 698-723. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-05-2023-0343
  • Zadeh, A. H., Zolfagharian, M., & Hofacker, C. F. (2019). Customer–customer value co-creation in social media: Conceptualization and antecedents. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 27(4), 283-302. https://doi.org/10.1080/0965254X.2017.1344289
  • Zak, S., & Hasprova, M. (2020). The role of influencers in the consumer decision-making process. In SHS Web of Conferences (Vol. 74, p. 03014). EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/ shsconf/20207403014
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  • Zhou, Y., Li, Y. Q., Ruan, W. Q., & Zhang, S. N. (2023). Owned media or earned media? The influence of social media types on impulse buying intention in internet celebrity restaurants. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 111, 103487, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2023.10348
Toplam 63 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular İşletme
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Ceylan Bozpolat 0000-0002-9672-8308

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 26 Haziran 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Haziran 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 2 Şubat 2024
Kabul Tarihi 20 Mayıs 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Bozpolat, C. (2024). SOSYAL MEDYA ETKİLEŞİMİ, İÇERİK KALİTESİ VE SOSYAL MEDYA DÜRTÜSELLİĞİNİN ANLIK SATIN ALMA DAVRANIŞINA ETKİSİ: ÜRÜN KATEGORİSİNE ÖZGÜ BİR ARAŞTIRMA. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat Ve İşletme Dergisi, 20(2), 437-461. https://doi.org/10.17130/ijmeb.1430842