Shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) and its unique bioactive compound: Lentinan

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3, 635 - 641, 18.07.2022

Emine Nakilcioğlu-taş , Selen Seyhan

https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.1092860

Öz

Mushrooms, known for their rich nutritional content, have a very positive effect on human health. It is often used as medicine. Shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler), belonging to the Basidiomycetes class, is an edible capped mushroom species. Shiitake mushrooms contain starch, fiber, chitin and high amount of protein. In addition, shiitake mushroom attracts attention with its gallic acid, gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), ergothioneine and catechin content. Lentinan is the main active ingredient of Lentinula edodes, a kind of active polysaccharide with high molecular weight. Clinical and pharmacological studies have shown that lentinan has many functions such as anticancer, antitumor, regulating immune function and stimulating the formation of interferon. This review provides an overview of lentinan and its health effects.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Shiitake mushroom, Lentinan, Health, Lentinula edodes, Functional food

Shiitake mantarı (Lentinula edodes) ve eşşiz biyokaktif bileşeni: Lentinan

Öz

Zengin besin içeriği ile bilinen mantarların insan sağlığı üzerine olumlu etkisi oldukça fazladır. Genellikle ilaç olarak kullanılmaktadır. Basidiomycetes sınıfına ait shiitake mantarı (Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler), yenilebilir bir şapkalı mantar türüdür. Shiitake mantarı, nişasta, lif, kitin ve yüksek miktarda protein içermektedir. Ek olarak içeriğindeki gallik asit, gama aminobütirik asit (GABA), ergotionein ve kateşin ile shiitake mantarı araştırmacılar tarafından dikkat çekmektedir. Lentinan, yüksek moleküler ağırlığa sahip bir tür aktif polisakkarit olan Lentinula edodes'in ana etkili bileşenidir. Klinik ve farmakolojik çalışmalar, lentinanın antikanser, antitümör, bağışıklık fonksiyonunu düzenleyen ve interferon oluşumunu uyaran birçok fonksiyona sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu derleme, lentinan ve sağlığa etkileri hakkında genel bir bakış sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Shiitake mantarı, Lentinan, Sağlık, Lentinula edodes, Fonksiyonel gıda

Kaynakça

• S. A. Heleno, L. Barros, M. J. Sousa, A. Martins. And ICFR. Ferreira, Tocopherols composition of Portuguese wild mushrooms with antioxidant capacity. Food Chem, 119, 1443–1450, 2010. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.09.025
• F. S. Reis, L. Barros, A. Martins, and ICFR. Ferreira, Chemical composition and nutritional value of the most widely appreciated cultivated mushrooms: An inter‐species comparative study. Food Chem Toxicol,50, 191–197, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2011. 10.056
• I. Palacios, M. Lozano, C. Moro, M. D'Arrigo, M. A. Rostagno, J. A. Martinez, Antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds occurring in edible mushrooms. Food Chem, 128, 674–678, 2011. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.03.085
• J. J. Zhang, Y. Li, T. Zhou, D. P. Xu, P. Zhang, and S. Li, Bioactivities and health benefits of mushrooms mainly from China. Molecules, 21,1- 16, 2016. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21070938
• P.G. Miles, S.T. Chang, Mushrooms: Cultivation, Nutritional Value, Medicinal Effect and Environmental Impact. s. 241, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1201/ 9780203492086
• P.S. Bisen, R. K. Baghel, B. S. Sanodiya, G. S. Thakur, and G. B. K. S. Prasad, Lentinus edodes: a macrofungus with pharmacological activities. Current medicinal chemistry, 17(22), 2419-2430, 2010. https://doi.org/10.2174/092986710791698495
• S. Wasser, P. M. Coates, M. Blackman, M., and G. M. Cragg, Shiitake (Lentinula edodes). Encyclopedia of dietary supplements, 653-664, 2014.
• Y. Zhang, S. Li, X. Wang, L. Zhang, and P. C. Cheung, Advances in lentinan: isolation, structure, chain conformation and bioactivities. Food hydrocolloids, 25(2), 196-206, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.foodhyd.2010.02.001
• C. Liu, S. Bao, and D. Pei, The Xianggu Mushroom Industry in Xixia County, Henan: A Case Study(西峡香菇产业的个案研究). Rural China, 14(2), 375-404, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1163/22136746-01402005
• G. F. Leatham, Cultivation of shiitake, the Japanese forest mushroom, on logs: a potential industry for the United States. Forest Products Laboratory, 1981.
• C. H. Vane, Monitoring decay of black gum wood (Nyssa sylvatica) during growth of the shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) using diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy. Applied spectroscopy, 57(5), 514-517, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf073398s
• C. L. Dikeman, L. L. Bauer, E. A. Flickinger, and G. C. Fahey, Effects of stage of maturity and cooking on the chemical composition of select mushroom varieties. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53(4), 1130-1138, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf048541l
• I. Roncero-Ramos, M. Mendiola-Lanao, M. Pérez-Clavijo, and C. Delgado-Andrade, Effect of different cooking methods on nutritional value and antioxidant activity of cultivated mushrooms. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 68(3), 287-297, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1080/09637486.2016.1244662
• K. Lee, H. Lee, Y. Choi, Y. Kim, H. S. Jeong, and J. Lee, Effect of different cooking methods on the true retention of vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds in shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes). Food Science and Technology Research, 25(1), 115-122, 2019. https://doi.org/ 10.3746/jkfn.2021.50.8.799
• J. Vetter, Biological values of cultivated mushrooms—A review. Acta Alimentaria, 48(2), 229-240, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1556/066.2019.48.2.11
• Z. Rao, Y. Dong, X. Zheng, K. Tang, and J. Liu, Extraction, purification, bioactivities and prospect of lentinan: A review. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 37, 102163, 2021. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102163
• T. Xu, R. B Beelman, and J. D Lambert, The cancer preventive effects of edible mushrooms. Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Formerly Current Medicinal Chemistry-Anti-Cancer Agents), 12(10), 1255-1263, 2012. https://doi.org/10.2174/18715 2012803833017
• R. Zheng, S. Jie, D. Hanchuan, and W. Moucheng, Characterization and immunomodulating activities of polysaccharide from Lentinus edodes. International Immunopharmacology, 5(5), 811-820, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2004.11.011
• Y. Zhang, X. Xu, and L. Zhang, Gel formation and low‐temperature intramolecular conformation transition of a triple‐helical polysaccharide lentinan in water. Biopolymers: Original Research on Biomolecules, 89(10), 852-861, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1002/ bip.21025
• S. Garg, and S.E. Cockayne, Shiitake dermatitis diagnosed after 16 years!. Archives of dermatology, 144(9), 1241-1242, 2008. DOI: 10.1001/archderm. 144.9.1241
• G. Chihara, J. Hamuro, Y. Y. Maeda, Y. Arai, and F. Fukuoka, Fractionation and purification of the polysaccharides with marked antitumor activity, especially lentinan, from Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sing.(an edible mushroom). Cancer research, 30(11), 2776-2781, 1970.
• K. Ina, T. Kataoka, and Ando, The use of lentinan for treating gastric cancer. Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Formerly Current Medicinal Chemistry-Anti-Cancer Agents), 13(5), 681-688, 2013. DOI: 10.2174/1871520611313050002
• M. Zhang, Y. Zhang, L. Zhang, and Q. Tian, Mushroom polysaccharide lentinan for treating different types of cancers: A review of 12 years clinical studies in China. Progress in molecular biology and translational science, 163, 297-328, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.02.013
• N. Markova, L. Michailova, V. Kussovski, M. Jourdanova, and T. Radoucheva, Intranasal application of lentinan enhances bactericidal activity of rat alveolar macrophages against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Die Pharmazie-An International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 60(1), 42-48, 2005.
• N. Markova, V. Kussovski, I. Drandarska, S. Nikolaeva, N. Georgieva, and T. Radoucheva, Protective activity of Lentinan in experimental tuberculosis. International immunopharmacology, 3(10-11), 1557-1562, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S1567-5769(03)00178-4
• I. Drandarska, V. Kussovski, S. Nikolaeva, and N. Markova, Combined immunomodulating effects of BCG and Lentinan after intranasal application in guinea pigs. International immunopharmacology, 5(4), 795-803, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp. 2004.12.008
• Z. Suo, Q. Sun, X. Peng, S. Zhang, N. Gan, L. Zhao, and H. Li, Lentinan as a natural stabilizer with bioactivities for preparation of drug–drug nanosuspensions. International journal of biological macromolecules, 184, 101-108, 2021. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.056
• M. Sun, W. Zhao, Q. Xie, Y. Zhan, and B. Wu, Lentinan reduces tumor progression by enhancing gemcitabine chemotherapy in urothelial bladder cancer. Surgical oncology, 24(1), 28-34, 2015. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.suronc.2014.11.002
• Y. Wang, J. Chen, Q. Han, Q. Luo, H. Zhang, and Y. Wang, Construction of doxorubicin-conjugated lentinan nanoparticles for enhancing the cytotoxocity effects against breast cancer cells. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 579, 123657, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa. 2019.123657
• Y. R. Liu, B. Sun, G. H. Zhu, W. W. Li, Y. X. Tian, L. M. Wang, and C. Yang, Selenium–lentinan inhibits tumor progression by regulating epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 360, 1-8, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.taap.2018.09.019
• S. Gu, J. Xu, W. Teng, X. Huang, H. Mei, X. Chen, and K. Wang, Local delivery of biocompatible lentinan/chitosan composite for prolonged inhibition of postoperative breast cancer recurrence. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 194, 233-245, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.186
• Z. Wang, K. Qu, L. Zhou, L. Ren, B. Ren, F. Meng, and H. Fan, Apaf1 nanoLuc biosensors identified lentinan as a potent synergizer of cisplatin in targeting hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 577, 45-51, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.08.030
• W. Wang, X. Yang, C. Li, Y. Li, H. Wang, and X. Han, Immunogenic Cell Death (ICD) of Murine H22 Cells Induced by Lentinan. Nutrition and Cancer, 1-10, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.021.1897632
• W. Liu, J. Gu, J. Qi, X. N. Zeng, J. Ji, Z. Z. Chen, and X. L. Sun, Lentinan exerts synergistic apoptotic effects with paclitaxel in A549 cells via activating ROS‐TXNIP‐NLRP 3 inflammasome. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine, 19(8), 1949-1955, 2015. DOI:10.1111/jcmm.12570
• Y. Zhang, M. Zhang, Y. Jiang, X. Li, Y. He, P. Zeng, and L. Zhang, Lentinan as an immunotherapeutic for treating lung cancer: a review of 12 years clinical studies in China. Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology, 144(11), 2177-2186, 2018. DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2718-1
• X. Xu, H. Yan, J. Tang, J. Chen, and X. Zhang, Polysaccharides in Lentinus edodes: isolation, structure, immunomodulating activity and future prospective. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 54(4), 474-487, 2014. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/10408398.2011.587616
• X. E. Wang, Y. H. Wang, Q. Zhou, M. Peng, J. Zhang, M. Chen, and G. M. Xie, Immunomodulatory effect of lentinan on aberrant T subsets and cytokines profile in non-small cell lung cancer patients. Pathology & Oncology Research, 26(1), 499-505, 2020. DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0545-y
• J. Piotrowski, T. Jędrzejewski, and W. Kozak, Immunomodulatory and antitumor properties of polysaccharide peptide (PSP). Postepy higieny i medycyny doswiadczalnej (Online), 69, 91-97, 2015. DOI: 10.5604/17322693.1137086
• Y. Wang, H. Jin, J. Yu, C. Qu, Q. Wang, S. Yang, and J. Ni, Quality control and immunological activity of lentinan samples produced in China. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 159, 129-136, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.050
• V. J. Jasinghe, C. O. Perera, and P. J. Barlow, Bioavailability of vitamin D2 from irradiated mushrooms: an in vivo study. British Journal of Nutrition, 93(6), 951-955, 2005. DOI: 10.1079/bjn20051416
• G. S. Lee, H. S. Byun, K. H. Yoon, J. S. Lee, K. C. Choi, and E. B. Jeung, Dietary calcium and vitamin D2 supplementation with enhanced Lentinula edodes improves osteoporosis-like symptoms and induces duodenal and renal active calcium transport gene expression in mice. European journal of nutrition, 48(2), 75-83, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007 /s00394 -008-0763-2
• P. Nieminen, V. Kärjä, and A. M. Mustonen, Myo-and hepatotoxic effects of cultivated mushrooms in mice. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 47(1), 70-74, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2008.10.009
• A. Rivera, O. L. Benavides, and J. Rios-Motta, (22 E)-Ergosta-6, 22-diene-3β, 5α, 8α-triol: A new polyhydroxysterol isolated from Lentinus edodes (Shiitake). Natural Product Research, 23(3), 293-300, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/ 14786410802038671
• O. Rop, J. Mlcek, and T. Jurikova, Beta-glucans in higher fungi and their health effects. Nutrition reviews, 67(11), 624-631, 2009. DOI:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00230.x
• R. Hearst, D. Nelson, G. McCollum, B. C. Millar, Y. Maeda, C. E. Goldsmith, ... and J. E. Moore, An examination of antibacterial and antifungal properties of constituents of Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) and Oyster (Pleurotus ostreatus) mushrooms. Complementary therapies in clinical practice, 15(1), 5-7, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ctcp.2008.10.002
• H. Yin, G. Xue, A. Dai, and H. Wu, Protective Effects of Lentinan Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mastitis in Mice. Frontiers in pharmacology, 2559, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.755768
• P. H. Ngai, and T. B. Ng, Lentin, a novel and potent antifungal protein from shitake mushroom with inhibitory effects on activity of human immunodeficiency virus-1 reverse transcriptase and proliferation of leukemia cells. Life Sciences, 73(26), 3363-3374, 2003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.lfs.2003.06.023