Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Üstbilişsel Yazma Farkındalık Düzeylerinin Ölçülmesi: Bir Literatür İnceleme ve Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışması

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 39 Sayı: 2, 123 - 152, 31.12.2020

Hasan Basri Kansızoğlu

Öz

Üstbiliş, yazmanın önemli bir unsurudur. Bu unsur, öğrenenlerin yazmadaki bilişsel süreçlerle ilgili bilgi sahibi olma ve bu süreçleri kontrol edebilme yetkinliklerini içermektedir. Bu yetkinliğin düzeyine ve zaman içindeki gelişimine yönelik anlayış geliştirebilmenin ilk adımı ise üstbilişselliğin ölçülmesidir. Bu noktada çalışmanın amacı, ortaokul öğrencilerinin yazmayla ilgili üstbilişsel farkındalıklarının belirlenmesinde kullanılabilecek “Üstbilişsel Yazma Farkındalığı Ölçeği”nin (ÜYFÖ) geliştirilmesidir. Bu kapsamda çalışma, iki aşamalı olarak yapılandırılmıştır. Birinci aşamada üstbiliş ve yazma eksenindeki birtakım kuramsal açıklamalara; ikinci bölümde ise ölçek geliştirme süreciyle ilgili tanıtıcı bilgilere yer verilmiştir. Ortaokul düzeyinde öğrenim gören 384 katılımcıdan elde edilen veriler üzerinde yapılan açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonuçları, ÜYFÖ’nün faktör yükü .336 ile .724 arasında değişen 23 maddeden ve beş faktörden oluştuğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bu faktörler “bildirime dayalı bilgi”, “yöntemsel bilgi”, “koşulsal bilgi”, “planlama” ve “izleme-değerlendirme-hata ayıklama” olarak belirlenmiştir. Ölçeğin beş faktörlü desende açıkladığı toplam varyans %52.36’dır. Yapılan doğrulayıcı faktör analizinin sonucunda elde edilen uyum indeksleri (χ2/df =1.53, RMSEA=.037, CFI=.94, AGFI=.911 SRMR=.041) modelin verilerle uyum içinde olduğunu göstermiştir. Güvenirlik analizinde ölçeğin tamamı için Cronbach Alpha değeri .883 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ölçeğin boyutlarından “bildirime dayalı bilgi” .599; “yöntemsel bilgi” .601; “koşulsal bilgi” .603; “planlama” .699 “izleme, değerlendirme ve hata ayıklama” .610 Alpha değerine sahiptir. Bu veriler ÜYFÖ’nün ortaokul öğrencilerinin yazmaya yönelik üstbilişsel farkındalıklarının belirlenmesinde geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olarak kullanılabileceğini ortaya koymuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Türkçe öğretimi, yazma, üstbiliş, üstbilişsel farkındalık, Üstbilişsel Yazma Farkındalığı Ölçeği

Kaynakça

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