Türkiye’deki Özel Eğitim Öğretmenlerinin İş Birliği Çabaları
Yıl 2024,
Erken Görünüm, 1 - 19
Eylem Dayı
,
Mehmet İnce
,
Safa Ataman
,
Veysel Aksoy
Öz
Giriş: Dünyadaki ve eğitim alanındaki değişimlerle birlikte, okullardaki en önemli paydaşlardan öğretmenlerin rolleri değişmeye başlamıştır. Yasal düzenlemeler ve kapsayıcı eğitim uygulamaları, öğretmenlerin sadece öğretim yapmalarının ötesinde, çeşitli paydaşlarla iş birliği yapmalarını zorunlu kılmaktadır. Bu anlamda araştırmanın amacı özel eğitim öğretmenleri ve diğer paydaşlar arasındaki iş birliği durumunu detaylı bir şekilde ele almaktır.
Yöntem: Bu amaç doğrultusunda araştırma bir karma yöntem çalışması olarak desenlenmiştir. İlk olarak nicel veri toplama ve analizi gerçekleştirilmiş sonrasında elde edilen bulguları daha derinlemesine anlamak için nitel veri toplama ve analizi yapılmıştır. Çalışma, açıklayıcı sıralı desen kullanarak, özellikle özel eğitim alanında öğretmenlerin iş birliği düzeylerini belirlemeyi amaçlamıştır. Araştırmanın nicel kısmı için özel olarak geliştirilen ve daha sonra geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizleri yapılan Özel Eğitimde İş Birliği Ölçeği kullanılmış, nicel veriler betimsel olarak analiz edilmiştir. Nitel veriler ise yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler, gözlemler ve araştırmacı günlükleri yoluyla toplanmış ve içerik analizi ile analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Araştırmanın nicel sonuçları öğretmenler arasında cinsiyet, yaş veya mesleki deneyimle iş birliği düzeyleri arasında anlamlı farklılıklar olmadığını göstermiştir. Nitel veriler ise öğretmenlerin yöneticilerle, eğitim yardımcılarıyla ve okul dışı paydaşlarla sınırlı ve genellikle temel düzeyde iş birliği yaptıklarını ortaya koymuştur. Nicel ve nitel bulgular iş birliği süreçlerinin genellikle yüzeysel kaldığını ve daha yapılandırılmış, odaklanmış süreçlere ihtiyaç duyulduğunu göstermiştir.
Tartışma: Araştırma sonuçlarına göre okul içi ve dışı paydaşlar arasında etkili iş birliklerinin kurulması için yapısal düzenlemeler ve değişikliklerin gerekli olduğunu vurgulamaktadır. İş birliği sürecinin verimli bir şekilde işlemesi için gerekli düzenlemelerin hayata geçirilerek etkili iş birliklerinin sağlanması özel gereksinimli bireylerin eğitimleri için oldukça önemli görülmektedir.
Etik Beyan
Bu çalışmada “Yükseköğretim Kurumları Bilimsel Araştırma ve Yayın Etiği Yönergesi” kapsamında uyulması belirtilen tüm kurallara uyulmuştur. Yönergenin ikinci bölümü olan “Bilimsel Araştırma ve Yayın Etiğine Aykırı Eylemler” başlığı altında belirtilen eylemlerden hiçbiri gerçekleştirilmemiştir.
Destekleyen Kurum
Araştırmanız geçekleştirilmesinde herhangi bir kurum ya da kuruluştan destek alınmamıştır.
Teşekkür
Araştırmamızda teşekkür etmek istediğiniz kişi ya da kurumlar bulunmamaktadır.
Kaynakça
- Addi-Raccah, A., & Grinshtain, Y. (2022). Teachers’ professionalism and relations with parents: teachers’ and parents’ views. Research Papers in Education, 37(6), 1142-1164. https://doi.org/10.1080/02671522.2021.1931949
- Akcan, E, Polat, S., & Ölçüm, D. (2017). Yönetici ve öğretmen görüşlerine göre sendikal faaliyetlerin okullara etkisi. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(3), 1101-1119. https://doi.org/10.17240/aibuefd.2017.17.31178-338811
- Akdemir, A. B. & Kılıç, A. (2021). Nitel makalelerin yöntem analizi. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi [MSKU Journal of Education], 8(2), 486-502. https://doi.org/10.21666/muefd.834707
- Barber, M., & Mourshed, M. (2007). How the world’s best performing systems come out on top. McKinsey. https://bibliotecadigital.mineduc.cl/handle/20.500.12365/17300
- Brownell, M. T., Adams, A., Sindelar, P., Waldron, N., & Vanhover, S. (2006). Learning from collaboration: The role of teacher qualities. Exceptional Children, 72(2), 169-185. https://doi.org/10.1177/0014402906072002
- Chavkin, N. F. (1993). School social workers helping multiethnic families, schools, and communities join forces. In N. F. Chavkin (Ed.) Families and schools in a pluralistic society (pp. 217-226). State University of New York Press.
- Chia, K. (1997). "Significant-itis"--an obsession with the P-value. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 23(2), 152-154. https://doi.org/10.5271/SJWEH.193.
- Cohen, L., Manion, L. & Morrison, K. (2007). Research methods in education (6th Ed.). Routledge.
- Conderman, G. (2016). How to collaborate through teams. Kappa Delta Pi Record, 52(2), 71-75. https://doi.org/10.1080/00228958.2016.1156513
- Cook, B. G., & Cook, S. C. (2013). Unraveling evidence-based practices in special education. The Journal of Special Education, 47(2), 71-82. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022466911420877
- Coşkun, R. (2022). Nitel araştırmalarda sorunlar: Seçilmiş makalelerin eleştirel bir incelemesi ve bazı öneriler. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 23(1), 165-189. https://doi.org/10.17494/ogusbd.1101565
- Creswell J. W. & Plano Clark V. L. (2018). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (3rd ed.). Sage.
- Creswell, J. W. (2014). A concise introduction to mixed methods research (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications.
- Çakmak, M., Tutuk, T., & Yılmaz, Y. (2023). Nothing has changed on the mainstreaming front: Classroom teachers and individualized education program (IEP). Theory and Practice in Child Development, 3(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.46303/tpicd.2023.9
- Da Fonte, M. A., & Barton-Arwood, S. M. (2017). Collaboration of general and special education teachers: Perspectives and strategies. Intervention in School and Clinic, 53(2), 99-106. https://doi.org/10.1177/1053451217693370
- Dayı, E., Ataman, S., & Kösretaş, B. (2022). Özel gereksinimli bireylerin eğitsel tanılama ve değerlendirme sürecinde iş birliği: Aile deneyimleri. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 42(3), 2663-2693. https://doi.org/10.17152/gefad.1150770
- Dayı, E. & Töret, Z. (2021). Özel eğitim öğretmeni adaylarının iş birliğine ilişkin metaforik algıları. Manas Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 10(2), 863-877. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.793039
- DeWitt, P. (2018). Using the visible learning research to influence collaborative leadership. Education Sciences, 8(4), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci8040219
- Doren, B., Flannery, B., Lombardi, A., & Kato, M. (2013). The impact of professional development and student and teacher characteristics on the quality of postsecondary goals. Remedial and Special Education, 34, 215-224. https://doi.org/10.1177/0741932512468037
- DuFour, R., & Reeves, D. (2016). The futility of PLC lite. Phi Delta Kappan, 97(6), 69-71. https://doi.org/10.1177/0031721716636878
- Erlandson, D. A., Harris, E. L., Skipper, B. L. & Allen, S. T. (1993). Doing naturalistic inquiry: A guide to methods. Sage
- Eslinger, J. C. (2014). Navigating between a rock and a hard place: Lessons from an urban school teacher. Education and Urban Society, 46(2), 209-233. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013124512446221
- Fitzgerald, J., Ojanperä, S., & O’Clery, N. (2021). Is academia becoming more localised? The growth of regional knowledge networks within international research collaboration. Applied Network Science, 6(1), 1-27. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41109-021-00371-w
- Fowler, S. A., Coleman, M. R. B., & Bogdan, W. K. (2019). The State of the special education profession survey report. TEACHING Exceptional Children, 52(1), 8-29. https://doi.org/10.1177/0040059919875703
- Friend, M. P. & Cook. L. (2013). Interactions: Collaboration skills for school professionals.(7th ed.). Pearson.
- Friend, M. P. (2021). Interactions: Collaboration skills for school professionals. (9th ed.). Pearson.
- Glesne, C. (2015). Becoming qualitative researchers: An introduction. Pearson.
- Goepel, J. (2009). Constructing the individual education plan: Confusion or collaboration?. Support for Learning, 24(3), 126-132. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9604.2009.01412.x
- Grygas Coogle, C., Guerette, A. R., & Hanline, M. F. (2013). Early intervention experiences of families of children with an autism spectrum disorder: A qualitative pilot study. Early Childhood Research & Practice, 15(1). 97–115. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1016155.pdf
- Hamre, B., Hedegaard-Sørensen, L., & Langager, S. (2018). Between psychopathology and inclusion: the challenging collaboration between educational psychologists and child psychiatrists. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 22(6), 655-670. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2017.1395088
- Hargreaves, A., & O'Connor, M. T. (2018). Collaborative professionalism: When teaching together means learning for all. Corwin Press. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2017.1395088
- Hedegaard-Soerensen, L., Jensen, C. R., & Tofteng, D. M. B. (2018). Interdisciplinary collaboration as a prerequisite for inclusive education. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 33(3), 382-395. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2017.1314123
- IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of). 20 U.S.C. s 1400 168 et seq. (2004). https://sites.ed.gov/idea/
- Kayhan, N., & Işıkdoğan Uğurlu, N. (2022). Meslek öncesi ve sırası süreçte özel eğitim personeli işbirliği: Özel eğitim aday öğretmenlerinin deneyimleri. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 23(1), 751-780. https://doi.org/10.29299/kefad.987474
- Johnson, D., Johnson, R., & Smith, K. (2007). The state of cooperative learning in postsecondary and professional settings. Educational Psychology Review, 19, 15-29. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10648-006-9038-8
- Kangas, S. E. (2018). Why working apart doesn’t work at all: Special education and English learner teacher collaborations. Intervention in School and Clinic, 54(1), 31-39.https://doi.org/10.1177/10534512187624
- Lamar-Dukes, P., & Dukes, C. (2005). Consider the roles and responsibilities of the inclusion support teacher. Intervention in School and Clinic, 41(1), 55-61. https://doi.org/10.1177/10534512050410011501
- Lodico, M. G., Spaulding, D. T., & Voegtle, K. H. (2010). Methods in educational research form theory to practice (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
- Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. Sage.
- Murawski, W. W. (2008). Five keys to co-teaching in inclusive classrooms. School Administrator, 65(8), 29. https://www.aasa.org/publications/school-administrator?id=4906
- Özdoğru, M. (2021). Öğretmenler arası iş birliği: Mevcut durum, engeller ve çözüm önerileri. Eğitim ve İnsani Bilimler Dergisi: Teori ve Uygulama, 12 (23), 125-147. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/eibd/issue/63474/853829
- Özel Eğitim Hizmetleri Yönetmeliği. (2018). T.C. Resmî Gazete, (30471), 7 Temmuz 2018, 22-77.
- Quebec Fuentes, S., & Spice, L. (2015). Challenges encountered in building a university-high school collaboration: A case study. Professional Educator, 39(1), 1-20. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1062276
- Pürsün, T., Okutan, S., & Atbaşı, Z. (2021). Özel eğitim ve rehabilitasyon merkezi ile özel eğitim okullarında görev yapan öğretmenlerin iş birliğine ilişkin görüşleri. Journal of National Education, 50(232), 287-311. https://doi.org/10.37669 milliegitim.747646
- Ripley, S. (1997). Collaboration between general and special education teachers. ERIC Digest. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED409317
- Roffey, S., & Parry, J. (2013). Special needs in the early years: Supporting collaboration, communication and co-ordination. Routledge.
- Rosen, E. (2007). The culture of collaboration. Red Ape.
- Schultz, T. R., Able, H., Sreckovic, M. A., & White, T. (2016). Parent-teacher collaboration: Teacher perceptions of what is needed to support students with ASD in the inclusive classroom. Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities, 51(4), 344-354. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26173862
- Schultz, T., Able, H., Sreckovic, M., & White, T. (2016). Parent-Teacher collaboration: Teacher perceptions of what is needed to support students with ASD in the inclusive classroom. Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities, 51, 344-354. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26173862
- Scribner, J. P., Sawyer, R. K., Watson, S. T., & Myers, V. L. (2007). Teacher teams and distributed leadership: A study of group discourse and collaboration. Educational Administration Quarterly, 43(1), 67-100. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X06293631
- Smithson, J. (2017). The science of standards-based education. State Education Standard, 17(2), 15-21. https://www.nasbe.org/wp-content/uploads/Science-of-Standards-Based-Education_May-2017-Standard.pdf
- Sparks, D. (2013). Strong teams, strong schools. The Learning Professional, 34(2), 28-30. https://learningforward.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/strong-teams-strong-schools.pdf
- Stearns, E., Banerjee, N., Mickelson, R., & Moller, S. (2014). Collective pedagogical teacher culture, teacher–student ethno-racial mismatch, and teacher job satisfaction. Social Science Research, 45, 56-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2013.12.011
- Stevens, R., & Slavin, R. (1995). The cooperative elementary school: Effects on students’ achievement, attitudes, and social relations. American Educational Research Journal, 32, 321-351. https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312032002321.
- Supovitz, J., & Sirinides, P. (2018). The linking study: An experiment to strengthen teachers’ engagement with data on teaching and learning. American Journal of Education, 124(2), 161-189. https://doi.org/10.1086/695610
- Tabak, M. (2021). Okul idarecileri ve özel eğitim öğretmenlerinin özel eğitim programlarının uygulanmasında idareci-öğretmen iş birliğine yönelik görüşleri (Tez Numarası: 707812) [Yüksek lisans tezi, Trakya Üniversitesi]. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
- UNESCO (2023). "Embracing technological innovation: UNESCO advances SDGs through inclusive education for learners." Erişim tarihi (01.05.2024) https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/embracing-technological-innovation-unesco-advances-sdgs-through-inclusive-education-learners
- UNESCO. (1994). The Salamanca Statement and framework for action on special needs education. Salamanca, Spain: World Conference on Special Needs Education: Access and Quality
- Vangrieken, K., Dochy, F., Raes, E., & Kyndt, E. (2015). Teacher collaboration: A systematic review. Educational research review, 15, 17-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2015.04.002
- Vuran, S., Bozkuş-Genç, G., & Sani-Bozkurt, S. (2017). İşbirliği ile bireyselleştirilmiş eğitim programı geliştirme süreci: Durum çalışması. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi, 18(02), 165-184. https://doi.org/10.21565/ozelegitimdergisi.316362
- WHO (2013) Improving the lives of children and young people: case studies from Europe. World Health Organization.
- World Health Organization. (2013). Global tuberculosis report. World Health Organization.
- Yener, C., & Dayı, E. (2021). Kaynaştırma öğrencileri ile çalışma yapan uzmanlar arasındaki BEP sürecindeki iş birliğinin uzman ve aile görüşlerine dayalı olarak belirlenmesi. Trakya Eğitim Dergisi, 11(1), 76-93. https://doi.org/10.24315/tred.648737
- Yıldırım, H. H., & Kılıç, Y. (2024). Kaynaştırma/Bütünleştirme uygulamaları yapılan ilkokul sınıflarındaki özel gereksinimli öğrencilerin problem davranışlarına müdahalede iş birliğine yönelik öğretmen görüşleri. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 13(1), 66-76. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1279220
- Zincirli, M., & Demir, Y. (2021). A scale development study on teachers' perceptions of collective efficacy in schools. International Journal of Curriculum and Instruction, 13(2), 1709-1723. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1291873
Collaboration Efforts of Special Education Teachers in Turkey
Yıl 2024,
Erken Görünüm, 1 - 19
Eylem Dayı
,
Mehmet İnce
,
Safa Ataman
,
Veysel Aksoy
Öz
Introduction: The roles of teachers, among the most important stakeholders in schools, have begun to change with changes in the world and the field of education. Legal regulations and inclusive education practices require that teachers collaborate with various stakeholders beyond merely teaching. In this respect, the objective of the present research is to examine the status of collaboration between special education teachers and other stakeholders in detail.
Method: To this end, the research was designed as a mixed-method study. First, quantitative data were collected and analyzed, followed by qualitative data collection and analysis to understand the findings better. The study used an explanatory sequential design to determine teachers' collaboration levels, particularly in special education. A specially developed Collaboration Scale in Special Education, which underwent validity and reliability analyses, was used for the descriptive analysis of quantitative data. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews, observations, and researcher diaries and analyzed using content analysis.
Findings: The quantitative results of the study showed no significant differences in collaboration levels among teachers based on gender, age, or professional experience. Qualitative data revealed that teachers engaged in limited and generally basic collaboration with administrators, paraprofessionals, and external stakeholders. Quantitative and qualitative findings indicated that collaboration processes were generally superficial and more structured; therefore, focused processes were needed.
Discussion: The results of this study emphasize the necessity of structural arrangements and changes to establish effective collaboration between internal and external school stakeholders. Implementing the necessary regulations to ensure effective collaboration is considered highly important for the education of individuals with special needs.
Kaynakça
- Addi-Raccah, A., & Grinshtain, Y. (2022). Teachers’ professionalism and relations with parents: teachers’ and parents’ views. Research Papers in Education, 37(6), 1142-1164. https://doi.org/10.1080/02671522.2021.1931949
- Akcan, E, Polat, S., & Ölçüm, D. (2017). Yönetici ve öğretmen görüşlerine göre sendikal faaliyetlerin okullara etkisi. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(3), 1101-1119. https://doi.org/10.17240/aibuefd.2017.17.31178-338811
- Akdemir, A. B. & Kılıç, A. (2021). Nitel makalelerin yöntem analizi. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi [MSKU Journal of Education], 8(2), 486-502. https://doi.org/10.21666/muefd.834707
- Barber, M., & Mourshed, M. (2007). How the world’s best performing systems come out on top. McKinsey. https://bibliotecadigital.mineduc.cl/handle/20.500.12365/17300
- Brownell, M. T., Adams, A., Sindelar, P., Waldron, N., & Vanhover, S. (2006). Learning from collaboration: The role of teacher qualities. Exceptional Children, 72(2), 169-185. https://doi.org/10.1177/0014402906072002
- Chavkin, N. F. (1993). School social workers helping multiethnic families, schools, and communities join forces. In N. F. Chavkin (Ed.) Families and schools in a pluralistic society (pp. 217-226). State University of New York Press.
- Chia, K. (1997). "Significant-itis"--an obsession with the P-value. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 23(2), 152-154. https://doi.org/10.5271/SJWEH.193.
- Cohen, L., Manion, L. & Morrison, K. (2007). Research methods in education (6th Ed.). Routledge.
- Conderman, G. (2016). How to collaborate through teams. Kappa Delta Pi Record, 52(2), 71-75. https://doi.org/10.1080/00228958.2016.1156513
- Cook, B. G., & Cook, S. C. (2013). Unraveling evidence-based practices in special education. The Journal of Special Education, 47(2), 71-82. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022466911420877
- Coşkun, R. (2022). Nitel araştırmalarda sorunlar: Seçilmiş makalelerin eleştirel bir incelemesi ve bazı öneriler. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 23(1), 165-189. https://doi.org/10.17494/ogusbd.1101565
- Creswell J. W. & Plano Clark V. L. (2018). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (3rd ed.). Sage.
- Creswell, J. W. (2014). A concise introduction to mixed methods research (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications.
- Çakmak, M., Tutuk, T., & Yılmaz, Y. (2023). Nothing has changed on the mainstreaming front: Classroom teachers and individualized education program (IEP). Theory and Practice in Child Development, 3(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.46303/tpicd.2023.9
- Da Fonte, M. A., & Barton-Arwood, S. M. (2017). Collaboration of general and special education teachers: Perspectives and strategies. Intervention in School and Clinic, 53(2), 99-106. https://doi.org/10.1177/1053451217693370
- Dayı, E., Ataman, S., & Kösretaş, B. (2022). Özel gereksinimli bireylerin eğitsel tanılama ve değerlendirme sürecinde iş birliği: Aile deneyimleri. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 42(3), 2663-2693. https://doi.org/10.17152/gefad.1150770
- Dayı, E. & Töret, Z. (2021). Özel eğitim öğretmeni adaylarının iş birliğine ilişkin metaforik algıları. Manas Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 10(2), 863-877. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.793039
- DeWitt, P. (2018). Using the visible learning research to influence collaborative leadership. Education Sciences, 8(4), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci8040219
- Doren, B., Flannery, B., Lombardi, A., & Kato, M. (2013). The impact of professional development and student and teacher characteristics on the quality of postsecondary goals. Remedial and Special Education, 34, 215-224. https://doi.org/10.1177/0741932512468037
- DuFour, R., & Reeves, D. (2016). The futility of PLC lite. Phi Delta Kappan, 97(6), 69-71. https://doi.org/10.1177/0031721716636878
- Erlandson, D. A., Harris, E. L., Skipper, B. L. & Allen, S. T. (1993). Doing naturalistic inquiry: A guide to methods. Sage
- Eslinger, J. C. (2014). Navigating between a rock and a hard place: Lessons from an urban school teacher. Education and Urban Society, 46(2), 209-233. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013124512446221
- Fitzgerald, J., Ojanperä, S., & O’Clery, N. (2021). Is academia becoming more localised? The growth of regional knowledge networks within international research collaboration. Applied Network Science, 6(1), 1-27. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41109-021-00371-w
- Fowler, S. A., Coleman, M. R. B., & Bogdan, W. K. (2019). The State of the special education profession survey report. TEACHING Exceptional Children, 52(1), 8-29. https://doi.org/10.1177/0040059919875703
- Friend, M. P. & Cook. L. (2013). Interactions: Collaboration skills for school professionals.(7th ed.). Pearson.
- Friend, M. P. (2021). Interactions: Collaboration skills for school professionals. (9th ed.). Pearson.
- Glesne, C. (2015). Becoming qualitative researchers: An introduction. Pearson.
- Goepel, J. (2009). Constructing the individual education plan: Confusion or collaboration?. Support for Learning, 24(3), 126-132. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9604.2009.01412.x
- Grygas Coogle, C., Guerette, A. R., & Hanline, M. F. (2013). Early intervention experiences of families of children with an autism spectrum disorder: A qualitative pilot study. Early Childhood Research & Practice, 15(1). 97–115. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1016155.pdf
- Hamre, B., Hedegaard-Sørensen, L., & Langager, S. (2018). Between psychopathology and inclusion: the challenging collaboration between educational psychologists and child psychiatrists. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 22(6), 655-670. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2017.1395088
- Hargreaves, A., & O'Connor, M. T. (2018). Collaborative professionalism: When teaching together means learning for all. Corwin Press. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2017.1395088
- Hedegaard-Soerensen, L., Jensen, C. R., & Tofteng, D. M. B. (2018). Interdisciplinary collaboration as a prerequisite for inclusive education. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 33(3), 382-395. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2017.1314123
- IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of). 20 U.S.C. s 1400 168 et seq. (2004). https://sites.ed.gov/idea/
- Kayhan, N., & Işıkdoğan Uğurlu, N. (2022). Meslek öncesi ve sırası süreçte özel eğitim personeli işbirliği: Özel eğitim aday öğretmenlerinin deneyimleri. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 23(1), 751-780. https://doi.org/10.29299/kefad.987474
- Johnson, D., Johnson, R., & Smith, K. (2007). The state of cooperative learning in postsecondary and professional settings. Educational Psychology Review, 19, 15-29. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10648-006-9038-8
- Kangas, S. E. (2018). Why working apart doesn’t work at all: Special education and English learner teacher collaborations. Intervention in School and Clinic, 54(1), 31-39.https://doi.org/10.1177/10534512187624
- Lamar-Dukes, P., & Dukes, C. (2005). Consider the roles and responsibilities of the inclusion support teacher. Intervention in School and Clinic, 41(1), 55-61. https://doi.org/10.1177/10534512050410011501
- Lodico, M. G., Spaulding, D. T., & Voegtle, K. H. (2010). Methods in educational research form theory to practice (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
- Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. Sage.
- Murawski, W. W. (2008). Five keys to co-teaching in inclusive classrooms. School Administrator, 65(8), 29. https://www.aasa.org/publications/school-administrator?id=4906
- Özdoğru, M. (2021). Öğretmenler arası iş birliği: Mevcut durum, engeller ve çözüm önerileri. Eğitim ve İnsani Bilimler Dergisi: Teori ve Uygulama, 12 (23), 125-147. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/eibd/issue/63474/853829
- Özel Eğitim Hizmetleri Yönetmeliği. (2018). T.C. Resmî Gazete, (30471), 7 Temmuz 2018, 22-77.
- Quebec Fuentes, S., & Spice, L. (2015). Challenges encountered in building a university-high school collaboration: A case study. Professional Educator, 39(1), 1-20. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1062276
- Pürsün, T., Okutan, S., & Atbaşı, Z. (2021). Özel eğitim ve rehabilitasyon merkezi ile özel eğitim okullarında görev yapan öğretmenlerin iş birliğine ilişkin görüşleri. Journal of National Education, 50(232), 287-311. https://doi.org/10.37669 milliegitim.747646
- Ripley, S. (1997). Collaboration between general and special education teachers. ERIC Digest. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED409317
- Roffey, S., & Parry, J. (2013). Special needs in the early years: Supporting collaboration, communication and co-ordination. Routledge.
- Rosen, E. (2007). The culture of collaboration. Red Ape.
- Schultz, T. R., Able, H., Sreckovic, M. A., & White, T. (2016). Parent-teacher collaboration: Teacher perceptions of what is needed to support students with ASD in the inclusive classroom. Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities, 51(4), 344-354. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26173862
- Schultz, T., Able, H., Sreckovic, M., & White, T. (2016). Parent-Teacher collaboration: Teacher perceptions of what is needed to support students with ASD in the inclusive classroom. Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities, 51, 344-354. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26173862
- Scribner, J. P., Sawyer, R. K., Watson, S. T., & Myers, V. L. (2007). Teacher teams and distributed leadership: A study of group discourse and collaboration. Educational Administration Quarterly, 43(1), 67-100. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X06293631
- Smithson, J. (2017). The science of standards-based education. State Education Standard, 17(2), 15-21. https://www.nasbe.org/wp-content/uploads/Science-of-Standards-Based-Education_May-2017-Standard.pdf
- Sparks, D. (2013). Strong teams, strong schools. The Learning Professional, 34(2), 28-30. https://learningforward.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/strong-teams-strong-schools.pdf
- Stearns, E., Banerjee, N., Mickelson, R., & Moller, S. (2014). Collective pedagogical teacher culture, teacher–student ethno-racial mismatch, and teacher job satisfaction. Social Science Research, 45, 56-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2013.12.011
- Stevens, R., & Slavin, R. (1995). The cooperative elementary school: Effects on students’ achievement, attitudes, and social relations. American Educational Research Journal, 32, 321-351. https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312032002321.
- Supovitz, J., & Sirinides, P. (2018). The linking study: An experiment to strengthen teachers’ engagement with data on teaching and learning. American Journal of Education, 124(2), 161-189. https://doi.org/10.1086/695610
- Tabak, M. (2021). Okul idarecileri ve özel eğitim öğretmenlerinin özel eğitim programlarının uygulanmasında idareci-öğretmen iş birliğine yönelik görüşleri (Tez Numarası: 707812) [Yüksek lisans tezi, Trakya Üniversitesi]. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
- UNESCO (2023). "Embracing technological innovation: UNESCO advances SDGs through inclusive education for learners." Erişim tarihi (01.05.2024) https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/embracing-technological-innovation-unesco-advances-sdgs-through-inclusive-education-learners
- UNESCO. (1994). The Salamanca Statement and framework for action on special needs education. Salamanca, Spain: World Conference on Special Needs Education: Access and Quality
- Vangrieken, K., Dochy, F., Raes, E., & Kyndt, E. (2015). Teacher collaboration: A systematic review. Educational research review, 15, 17-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2015.04.002
- Vuran, S., Bozkuş-Genç, G., & Sani-Bozkurt, S. (2017). İşbirliği ile bireyselleştirilmiş eğitim programı geliştirme süreci: Durum çalışması. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi, 18(02), 165-184. https://doi.org/10.21565/ozelegitimdergisi.316362
- WHO (2013) Improving the lives of children and young people: case studies from Europe. World Health Organization.
- World Health Organization. (2013). Global tuberculosis report. World Health Organization.
- Yener, C., & Dayı, E. (2021). Kaynaştırma öğrencileri ile çalışma yapan uzmanlar arasındaki BEP sürecindeki iş birliğinin uzman ve aile görüşlerine dayalı olarak belirlenmesi. Trakya Eğitim Dergisi, 11(1), 76-93. https://doi.org/10.24315/tred.648737
- Yıldırım, H. H., & Kılıç, Y. (2024). Kaynaştırma/Bütünleştirme uygulamaları yapılan ilkokul sınıflarındaki özel gereksinimli öğrencilerin problem davranışlarına müdahalede iş birliğine yönelik öğretmen görüşleri. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 13(1), 66-76. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1279220
- Zincirli, M., & Demir, Y. (2021). A scale development study on teachers' perceptions of collective efficacy in schools. International Journal of Curriculum and Instruction, 13(2), 1709-1723. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1291873