Erken Çocukluk Döneminde Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğunda Aile Merkezli Müdahaleler

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 3, 589 - 610, 01.09.2020

Esra Orum Çattık , Ahmet İlkhan Yetkin , İbrahim Halil Diken

https://doi.org/10.21565/ozelegitimdergisi.543446

Cited By: 8

Öz

Aile, her çocuğun yaşamında önemli bir yeri olan, çocukların
gelişimini destekleyen ve onların yaşadıkları toplumun kurallarına uygun olarak
yetişmelerini sağlayan toplumsal bir kurum ve sistemdir. Normal gelişim
gösteren çocuklar doğal yaşantıları içerisinde birçok beceri ya da davranışı
aileleri ile gerçekleştirdikleri doğal yaşantılar ile kolaylıkla kazanırken söz
konusu otizm spektrum bozukluğu olan bir çocuk olduğunda aynı beceri ve
davranışların kazandırılmasında sistematik öğretim süreçlerine yer verilmesi
gerekmektedir. Otizm spektrum bozukluğunun tanısı son yıllarda oldukça erken
dönemlerde konulabilmekte ve aileler erken dönemde çocuklarının eğitim sürecine
nasıl ve ne şekilde katılacaklarını bilememektedir. Aile merkezli uygulamalar
pek çok yetersizlik türündeki farklı yaş grubundaki çocuklarda, beceri ve
davranışların kazandırılmasında ve davranış problemleri ile başa çıkmada
kullanılabilen kanıt temeli uygulamalardan birisidir. Bu makalede aile merkezli
uygulamaların kuramsal temelleri, erken çocukluk döneminde otizm spektrum
bozukluğu olan çocuklar ve aileleri için önemi, aile merkezli uygulamaların
uygulanması hakkında genel bilgilere yer verilmiştir. Ayrıca NAC, NPDC ve
Evidence Based Practices for Children, Youth and Young Adults with Autism
Spectrum Disorder raporlarında yer alan erken çocukluk döneminde otizm spektrum
bozukluğu olan çocuklarla gerçekleştirilen araştırmaların sonuçları paylaşılmış
ve ileri araştırmalar için uygulamacılara ve araştırmacılara önerilerde
bulunulmuştur. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Aile merkezli uygulamalar, aile aracılı uygulamalar, kanıt temelli uygulamalar, erken çocukluk dönemi, otizm spektrum bozukluğu

Kaynakça

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