Eye Tracking Technique from Past to Present in Reading Research

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 3, 675 - 697, 01.09.2022

Esmehan Özer , Selda Özdemir

https://doi.org/10.21565/ozelegitimdergisi.844707

Cited By: 1

Öz

Introduction: In this study, the developmental process of eye tracking technique from the past to the present is examined through reviewing the literature analyzing reading skills with the use of eye tracking technique. Within this perspective, information is given about the first years of reading skills with eye tracking technique, years when studying reading skill with eye tracking technique stopped due to behavioral approach, years when studying reading skill with eye tracking technique started to rise again and the rapid progress of eye tracking scientifically and technologically in the 2000s. In addition, information on eye-tracking studies to examine the reading skills of individuals with special needs in the field of special education is presented.
Discussion: Beginning from the first report of the saccade to the widespread use of the eye tracking technique that is seen today, the developmental stages of the technique and its importance in examining cognitive processes of readers are explained in the current study. Thus, it is expected that the nature of reading skills will be understood in depth and reflections of reading difficulties on diagnosis and evaluation procedures will guide researchers.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Eye tracking technique, eye movements, saccade, fixation, reading, reading disability

Okuma Araştırmalarında Geçmişten Günümüze Göz İzleme Tekniği

Öz

Giriş: Göz izleme, okurların okuma sırasında ne zaman, nereye baktıklarının ve baktıkları yerlere hangi sırayla baktıklarının ölçümlenip kaydedilmesini sağlamaktadır. Günümüzde göz izleme teknolojisinde yaşanan gelişme ve ilerlemeler okuma becerisinin doğasının anlaşılmasının yanı sıra, okurların okuma esnasında gerçekleştirdikleri bireysel bilişsel işlemlemelerin incelendiği araştırmalara yansıyarak bu araştırmalara hız kazandırmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, okuma becerisinin incelenmesinde kullanılan göz izleme tekniğinin tarihsel gelişim sürecinin ele almasıdır. Bu bağlamda göz izleme tekniği ile okuma becerisinin incelendiği ilk yıllar, davranışçı yaklaşım nedeniyle göz izleme tekniği ile okuma becerisi araştırmalarının durduğu dönem, okuma becerisinin göz izleme tekniği ile incelenmesinin yeniden yükselişe geçtiği yıllar ve göz izleme tekniğinin 2000’li yıllarla beraber günümüzde bilimsel ve teknolojik olarak hızlı bir biçimde ilerlemesi ile ilgili bilgiler verilmektedir. Ayrıca özel eğitim alanında özel gereksinimli bireylerin okuma becerilerinin incelenmesinde göz izleme tekniği ile gerçekleştirilen çalışmalara ilişkin bilgiler yer almaktadır.
Tartışma: Mevcut çalışmada, sekme göz hareketinin fark edilmesinden göz izleme tekniğin günümüzde yaygın kullanımına kadar geçen süreçte tekniğin gelişim aşamaları ele alınmaktadır. Böylelikle okuma becerisinin doğasının derinlemesine anlaşılarak okuma güçlüğünün tanı-değerlendirme süreçlerine yansımalarının araştırmacılara yol gösterici olması beklenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Göz izleme tekniği, göz hareketleri, sekme, sabitleme, okuma, okuma güçlüğü

Kaynakça

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