Biyoteknolojik materyallerin kurutulması: Püskürtmeli-dondurarak kurutma işlemi

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 7, 1393 - 1402, 28.12.2018

Hilal İşleroğlu , İzzet Türker Banu Koç , Mehmet Tokatlı

Öz

Üretildiklerinde genellikle sıvı formda olan biyoteknolojik
materyallerin kurutularak toz haline getirilmesi, hem stabilitelerini uzun süre
korumaları hem de depolama ve nakliye masraflarını düşürmesi açısından oldukça
avantajlıdır. Ancak bu ürünlerin kurutulması sırasında hücre canlılığının,
biyolojik aktivitenin veya besleyici değerin kaybolması gibi arzu edilmeyen bir
takım değişiklikler meydana gelebilmektedir. Kendine has avantaj ve
dezavantajları olan püskürtmeli kurutma ve dondurarak kurutma işlemleri
biyoteknolojik materyallerin kurutulması için en sık kullanılan yöntemlerdir.
Püskürtmeli kurutma işleminde yüksek giriş sıcaklıkları nedeniyle ısıya duyarlı
olan materyaller parçalanabilir. Dondurarak kurutma işlemi ise düşük sıcaklık
ve basınçta uzun sürede gerçekleşmesi sebebiyle oldukça yüksek işletme
maliyetine sahiptir. Püskürtmeli-dondurarak kurutma işlemi (PDK), konvansiyonel
dondurarak kurutma ve püskürtmeli kurutma işlemlerinin dezavantajlarını ortadan
kaldırarak her iki yöntemi kombine eden oldukça yeni bir kurutma yöntemidir.
PDK işleminde sıvı besleme ilk aşamada püskürtülerek küçük damlacıklar haline
getirilir. Bu damlacıklar kriyojenik bir ortam ile temas ettirilerek dondurulur
ve düşük sıcaklık ve basınç altında süblimasyon ile kurutulur. Püskürtme işlemi
ile materyalin boyutunun küçültülmesi donma ve kurutma süresini kısaltarak
işletme maliyetini düşürür. Ayrıca, PDK işlemi konvansiyonel dondurarak ve
püskürtmeli kurutma işlemlerine göre daha küçük partikül boyutlu, yüksek
spesifik yüzey alanına sahip, poroz yapıda partiküller ile sonuçlanır. Bu
çalışmada yeni bir kurutma metodu olan PDK işleminin prensibi, avantajları,
uygulama alanları üzerinde durulacak, literatürde yapılmış çalışmalar
derlenecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Püskürtmeli-dondurarak kurutma, Biyoteknolojik materyal, Partikül boyutu, Spesifik yüzey alanı, Ultrasonik nozul

Drying of biotechnological materials: Spray-freeze drying

Öz

Production of dried powder forms of biotechnological
materials which are generally in liquid form when they are produced is
advantageous in terms of both protecting their stability for a long time and
reducing storage and transportation costs. However, during drying of these
materials, some undesired changes might occur such as loss of cell viability,
biological activity and nutritional value. Spray drying and freeze drying with
their unique advantages and disadvantages are the most commonly used methods
for drying of biotechnological materials. In spray drying, degradation of
heat-labile materials can take place because of the high inlet temperatures.
Freeze drying has high operation costs because of being carried out at low
temperature and low pressure for a long time. Spray-freeze drying (SFD) is a
novel drying method which combines conventional freeze and spray drying by
eliminating the disadvantages of both methods. In SFD process, the liquid feed
solution is first sprayed into small droplets. These droplets are frozen by
contacting with a cryogenic medium and dried by sublimation at low temperature
and pressure. Reduction of the particle size by spraying process reduces the
operation costs by shortening the freezing and drying time. Moreover, the SFD
process results in smaller particle size, higher specific surface area and
porous structured particles than conventional freeze drying and spray drying.
In this study, principles, advantages and application areas of SFD process,
which is a novel drying method, will be emphasized and the studies in the
literature will be reviewed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Spray-freeze drying, Biotechnological material, Particle size, Specific surface area, Ultrasonic nozzle

Kaynakça

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