Etkili Karakter Eğitimi İlkeleri (Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Örneği)
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 26 - 47, 30.06.2024
Merve Erol
,
Şükrü Keyifli
Öz
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde karakter eğitimi uygulamaları uzun yıllardır uygulanagelen ve bilimsel temele dayandırılmış eğitim programlarından oluşmaktadır. Bu makalede Amerika Birleşik Devleri’nin kuruluşundan günümüze kadar uygulanmakta olan karakter eğitiminin tanımları, amaç ve hedefleri ele alınmış ve okullardaki karakter eğitimi uygulamalarının ‘etkili’ olabilmesi için uygulanması gereken stratejilere yer verilmiştir. Karakter eğitimi programlarının etkin bir şekilde uygulandığını tespit edebilmek için bir takım istatistiksel ve bilimsel araştırmalar gerekmektedir. Bu araştırmalar sonucu bilimsel olarak ele alınmış olan kanıta dayalı uygulamalar doğrultusunda etkin karakter eğitimi programları belirlenmiş ve bu programlardan yola çıkarak etkin bir programa yönelik stratejiler ve prensipler geliştirilmiştir. Bu prensipler doğrultusunda uygulanacak olan karakter eğitimi programlarının sadece okulların duvarlarına asılan posterlerde yer alan bilgilerden veya gerekli öğretmen eğitimleri yapılmadan ders kitaplarında yer verilen ve öğrenciler tarafından içselleştirilemeyen değerlerin iletilmesinden ibaret olmaması amaçlanmaktadır. Etkili uygulamalar ile öğrencilerin bilişsel, sosyal-duygusal ve davranışsal olarak “iyi”yi bilen, “iyi”yi hisseden ve “iyi”yi uygulayan bireyler olmalarının sağlanması hedeflenmektedir.
Kaynakça
- Akbaş, Oktay. "Değer eğitimi akımlarına genel bir bakış." Değerler eğitimi dergisi 6.16 (2008): 9-27.
- Battistich, Victor. "Effects of a school-based program to enhance prosocial development on children's peer relations and social adjustment." Journal of Character Education 1.1 (2005): 1.
- Bennett, Christine. "Genres of research in multicultural education." Review of educational research 71.2 (2001): 171-217.
- Benninga, Jacques S.- Edward A. Wynne. "Keeping in character: A time-tested solution." The Phi Delta Kappan 79.6 (1998): 439-448.
- Benninga, J. S., Berkowitz, M. W., Kuehn, P., Smith, K. Character and Academics: What Good Schools Do. Phi Delta Kappan, 87(6), 2006.
- Berkowitz, Marvin W.-Melinda C. Bier. What works in character education: A research-driven guide for educators. Washington, DC: Character Education Partnership, 2005.
- Berkowitz, Marvin W.-Merle Schwartz. "Character education." Children’s needs III: Development, prevention, and intervention, 2006, 15-27.
- Berkowitz, Marvin W. vd. Educating for positive youth development. Handbook of moral development. Psychology Press, 2006. 701-720.
- Berkowitz, Marvin W. - Mary Anne Hoppe. Character education and gifted children. High Ability Studies, 20(2), 2009, 131-142.
- Berkowitz, Marwin W. PRIMED for character education: Six design principles for school improvement. Florida: CRC Press, 2021.
- Berkowitz, Marvin W. "Implementing and assessing evidence-based character education." Journal of Education 202.2 (2022), 191-197.
- Clement, Sarah-Richard Bollinger. "Accelerating progress: A new era of research on character development." Journal of Youth and Adolescence 46 (2017), 1240-1245.
- Chowdhury, I. A. "Issue of Quality in Qualitative Research: An Overview". Innovative Issues and Approaches in Social Sciences 8/1 (2015), 142-162.
- Corbin, J., Strauss, A. Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory. 3rd ed. 2008.
- Creswell, John W., and Abbas Tashakkori. "Differing perspectives on mixed methods research." Journal of mixed methods research 1/4 (2007): 303-308.
- Davidson, Lelon-Laura C. Stokes. Educators' Perceptions of Character Education, Sage, 2001.
Ekşi, Halil. "Temel İnsani Değerlerin Kazandırılmasında Bir Yaklaşım: Karakter Eğitimi Programları", Değerler Eğitimi Dergisi, 1/1 (2003), 79-96.
- Howard, Robert W. - Marwin W. Berkowitz, Esther F. Schaeffer. "Politics of Character Education". Educational Policy 18/1 (2004),188-215.
- Kohn, Alfie. "What to Look for in a Classroom". Educational Leadership 54/1 (1996), 54-55.
- Lickona, Thomas. "Character Education: Does Character Education Make a Difference?". Cortland, NY: Center for the 4th and 5th Rs, 1991.
- Lickona, Thomas. "The Return of Character Education", Educational Leadership 51/ 3 (1993), 6- 11.
- Lickona, Thomas. "The Teacher's Role in Character Education", Journal of Education 179/2 (1997), 63-80.
- McClellan, Bernard E., Moral Education in America: Schools and the Shaping of Character from Colonial Times to the Present. Teachers College Press, 1999.
- Nucci, Larry P. Education in the Moral Domain. Cambridge University Press, 2001.
- Nucci, Larry-Darcia Narvaez, What Works in Character Education: What Is Known and What Needs to Be Known. Routledge: Handbook of Moral and Character Education,1999, 430-447.
- Paget, Kathleen and Claudia Blume. Study Links Improvements in Student Behavior, Academic Performance to Character Education, 2000.
- Power, Clark vd., Lawrence Kohlberg’s Approach to Moral Education. New York: Columbia University Press, 1989.
- Ryan, Kevin-Karen E. Bohlin. Building Character in Schools: Practical Ways to Bring Moral Instruction to Life. Jossey-Bass Inc., Publishers, 1999.
- Schaps, Eric vd. School as a Caring Community: A Key to Character Education. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997.
- Shields, David L. "Character as the Aim of Education". Phi Delta Kappan 92/ 8 (2011).
- Sojourner, Russell J. The Rebirth and Retooling of Character Education in America. Character Education Partnership: Leading a National Call to Character, 2012.
- Tay, Bayram - Kadir Yıldırım. "Sosyal Bilgiler Dersinde Kazandırılması Amaçlanan Değerlere İlişkin Veli Görüşleri". Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri / Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice 9/3 (Yaz 2009), 1499-1542.
- Trainer, Francis E. "A Critical Analysis of Kohlberg's Contributions to the Study of Moral Thought". Journal of Theory in Social Behavior, 1977.
- Wynne, Edward A. "For-Character Education". Teachers College Record 98/6 (1999), 63-76.
- Yılmaz, Faruk. "Karakter Eğitimi ve Karakter Eğitimi Programları". Batı Anadolu Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi 12/ 1 (2021), 234-257.
Principles of Effective Character Education (United States of America)
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 26 - 47, 30.06.2024
Merve Erol
,
Şükrü Keyifli
Kaynakça
- Akbaş, Oktay. "Değer eğitimi akımlarına genel bir bakış." Değerler eğitimi dergisi 6.16 (2008): 9-27.
- Battistich, Victor. "Effects of a school-based program to enhance prosocial development on children's peer relations and social adjustment." Journal of Character Education 1.1 (2005): 1.
- Bennett, Christine. "Genres of research in multicultural education." Review of educational research 71.2 (2001): 171-217.
- Benninga, Jacques S.- Edward A. Wynne. "Keeping in character: A time-tested solution." The Phi Delta Kappan 79.6 (1998): 439-448.
- Benninga, J. S., Berkowitz, M. W., Kuehn, P., Smith, K. Character and Academics: What Good Schools Do. Phi Delta Kappan, 87(6), 2006.
- Berkowitz, Marvin W.-Melinda C. Bier. What works in character education: A research-driven guide for educators. Washington, DC: Character Education Partnership, 2005.
- Berkowitz, Marvin W.-Merle Schwartz. "Character education." Children’s needs III: Development, prevention, and intervention, 2006, 15-27.
- Berkowitz, Marvin W. vd. Educating for positive youth development. Handbook of moral development. Psychology Press, 2006. 701-720.
- Berkowitz, Marvin W. - Mary Anne Hoppe. Character education and gifted children. High Ability Studies, 20(2), 2009, 131-142.
- Berkowitz, Marwin W. PRIMED for character education: Six design principles for school improvement. Florida: CRC Press, 2021.
- Berkowitz, Marvin W. "Implementing and assessing evidence-based character education." Journal of Education 202.2 (2022), 191-197.
- Clement, Sarah-Richard Bollinger. "Accelerating progress: A new era of research on character development." Journal of Youth and Adolescence 46 (2017), 1240-1245.
- Chowdhury, I. A. "Issue of Quality in Qualitative Research: An Overview". Innovative Issues and Approaches in Social Sciences 8/1 (2015), 142-162.
- Corbin, J., Strauss, A. Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory. 3rd ed. 2008.
- Creswell, John W., and Abbas Tashakkori. "Differing perspectives on mixed methods research." Journal of mixed methods research 1/4 (2007): 303-308.
- Davidson, Lelon-Laura C. Stokes. Educators' Perceptions of Character Education, Sage, 2001.
Ekşi, Halil. "Temel İnsani Değerlerin Kazandırılmasında Bir Yaklaşım: Karakter Eğitimi Programları", Değerler Eğitimi Dergisi, 1/1 (2003), 79-96.
- Howard, Robert W. - Marwin W. Berkowitz, Esther F. Schaeffer. "Politics of Character Education". Educational Policy 18/1 (2004),188-215.
- Kohn, Alfie. "What to Look for in a Classroom". Educational Leadership 54/1 (1996), 54-55.
- Lickona, Thomas. "Character Education: Does Character Education Make a Difference?". Cortland, NY: Center for the 4th and 5th Rs, 1991.
- Lickona, Thomas. "The Return of Character Education", Educational Leadership 51/ 3 (1993), 6- 11.
- Lickona, Thomas. "The Teacher's Role in Character Education", Journal of Education 179/2 (1997), 63-80.
- McClellan, Bernard E., Moral Education in America: Schools and the Shaping of Character from Colonial Times to the Present. Teachers College Press, 1999.
- Nucci, Larry P. Education in the Moral Domain. Cambridge University Press, 2001.
- Nucci, Larry-Darcia Narvaez, What Works in Character Education: What Is Known and What Needs to Be Known. Routledge: Handbook of Moral and Character Education,1999, 430-447.
- Paget, Kathleen and Claudia Blume. Study Links Improvements in Student Behavior, Academic Performance to Character Education, 2000.
- Power, Clark vd., Lawrence Kohlberg’s Approach to Moral Education. New York: Columbia University Press, 1989.
- Ryan, Kevin-Karen E. Bohlin. Building Character in Schools: Practical Ways to Bring Moral Instruction to Life. Jossey-Bass Inc., Publishers, 1999.
- Schaps, Eric vd. School as a Caring Community: A Key to Character Education. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997.
- Shields, David L. "Character as the Aim of Education". Phi Delta Kappan 92/ 8 (2011).
- Sojourner, Russell J. The Rebirth and Retooling of Character Education in America. Character Education Partnership: Leading a National Call to Character, 2012.
- Tay, Bayram - Kadir Yıldırım. "Sosyal Bilgiler Dersinde Kazandırılması Amaçlanan Değerlere İlişkin Veli Görüşleri". Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri / Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice 9/3 (Yaz 2009), 1499-1542.
- Trainer, Francis E. "A Critical Analysis of Kohlberg's Contributions to the Study of Moral Thought". Journal of Theory in Social Behavior, 1977.
- Wynne, Edward A. "For-Character Education". Teachers College Record 98/6 (1999), 63-76.
- Yılmaz, Faruk. "Karakter Eğitimi ve Karakter Eğitimi Programları". Batı Anadolu Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi 12/ 1 (2021), 234-257.