Alman Güvenlik Politikası ile AB ODGP’nin Çakışması: Almanya için Ne Rol?

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 49 - 74, 22.03.2024

İlyas Bozkurt

Öz

Almanya; Soğuk Savaş sonrasında, egemenlik ve toprak bütünlüğü (V’nci Madde) konusunda NATO’ya güvenmeye devam etmiş ve Atlantik ötesi bağlantıyı sürdürmüştür. Almanya, diğer güvenlik risk ve tehditleri (V’nci Madde dışı) için, Fransa ile birlikte, ayrı bir Avrupa Ortak Dış ve Güvenlik Politikası (ODGP) ve bir Ortak Güvenlik ve Savunma Politikası (OGSP) tesis edilmesi konusunda öncülük etmiştir. AB’nin ekonomik, siyasi ve askerî gücü, Almanya’ya kendi millî güvenlik menfaatlerini gerçekleştirme konusunda çok daha fazla güç sağlamaktadır. Almanya, Avrupa güvenliğiyle ilgili önemli konularda Fransa ile işbirliği yapmaktadır. Bu davranış Alman menfaatlerinin gerçekleşmesini hızlandırmaktadır. Diğer taraftan, Almanya, BM ve AGİT ile olan çok taraflı taahhütler ve bazı AB üyesi olmayan ülkelerle olan ikili ilişkiler gibi diğer güvenlik angajmanlarına sahiptir. Böylece ODGP, daha geniş Alman güvenlik politikasının önemli ama mütevazı bölümünü oluşturmaktadır. Almanya, ODGP çerçevesinde hegemonik bir rol uygulamak konusunda isteksiz görünmektedir. Üstelik AB yapısı böyle bir rolü tatbik etmesine izin vermemektedir. Almanya’nın ODGP’deki öncü rolü “paylaşılan liderlik” tanımına uygundur. Kısa ve orta vadede Almanya’nın güvenlik politikalarının ana istikametinde radikal bir değişiklik muhtemel görülmemektedir. Alman güvenlik politikası duruşundaki yavaş ancak istikrarlı değişim nedeniyle, Alman güvenlik politikasının ana istikametinin uzun vadede nasıl dönüşeceğine ilişkin sağlıklı bir tahminde bulunmak henüz çok erkendir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Almanya, Güvenlik Politikası, AB, ODGP, Çakışma

The Convergence of German Security Policy and EU CFSP: What Role for Germany?

Öz

After the end of the Cold War, Germany has continued to rely on NATO for her sovereignty and territorial integrity (Article V) and maintained the transatlantic link. For the other security risks and threats (non-Article V), Germany together with France has pioneered the establishment of a separate European Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and a Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP). Now, CFSP has matured and CSDP became established. EU’s economic, political and military power provides Germany with much greater strength to achieve her national security interests. Germany collaborates with France in major issues concerning European security. This behaviour expedites the materialization of German interests. On the other hand, Germany has other security engagements such as multilateral ones with UN, OSCE and bilateral relations with some non-EU states. Therefore, CFSP accounts for an important but modest part of broader Germany security policy. Germany has seemed reluctant to exert a hegemonic role within CFSP framework. Besides, the EU structure does not allow her to exercise such a role. Germany’s leading role within CFSP conforms to the definition of ‘shared leadership’. In the short to mid-term, a radical change in the main orientation of FRG’s security policies does not seem likely. Due to the slow but steady change in the German security policy stance, it is too early to make a sound prediction regarding how the main orientation of the German security policy will transform in the long run.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Germany, Security Policy, EU, CFSP, Convergence

Kaynakça

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