The New Face of Economy: Creative Economy

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 33, 59 - 80, 31.07.2017

Ülkühan Bike Esen , Özlem Atay

https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.289441

Cited By: 3

Öz

The economic reflection of creativity, which requires thinking differently, finding unique solutions to problems, producing unique products, being original and new, in short, is appering as "creative economy". Since the early 90s, the number of studies and researches is rising day by day in developed countries that realised the positive effects of creative economy on economic and cultural development of the country. Unfortunately, in our country, the literature has gaps about this subject, because the importance of creative economy has newly began to understood. In this study, the notion of creative economy and related approachs are discussed in order to fill the gaps.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Creative Economy, Creative Industries, Creative Class, Creative City

Ekonominin Yeni Yüzü: Yaratıcı Ekonomi

Öz

Herkesin düşündüğünden farklı düşünmeyi, herkesin bulduğu çözümlerden farklı çözümler bulmayı, herkesin ürettiğinden farklı şeyler üretmeyi kısacası orijinal ve yeni olmayı gerektiren yaratıcılığın ekonomiye yansıması “yaratıcı ekonomi” olarak kendini göstermektedir. 90’lı yılların başlarından itibaren, yaratıcı ekonominin, ülkenin ekonomik ve kültürel gelişimi üzerine olumlu etkilerinin farkına varmış olan gelişmiş ülkelerde bu konuda yapılan araştırma ve çalışmaların sayısı gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Ülkemizde ise, yaratıcı ekonominin önemi yeni yeni anlaşılmaya başlandığı için konu ile ilgili yazında boşluklar vardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı da; mevcut boşluğu bir nebze doldurabilmek adına, yaratıcı ekonomi kavramını; yaratıcı endüstriler, yaratıcı sınıf ve yaratıcı şehir yaklaşımları üzerinden ele alarak, genel bir çerçeve oluşturmaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yaratıcı Ekonomi, Yaratıcı Endüstriler, Yaratıcı Sınıf, Yaratıcı Şehir

Kaynakça

• Aksoy, A. ve Z., Enlil, (2011), “Kültür Ekonomisi Envanteri İstanbul 2010”, Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, İstanbul.
• Booyens, I., (2012), “Creative Industries, Inequality and Social Development: Developments, Impacts and Challenges in Cape Town”, Urban Forum, 23, pp.43–60.
• Caves, R. E., (2000), Creative Industries, Harvard University Press, England.
• DCMS, Department for Culture, Media & Sport (2015), Creative Industries Economic Estimates, Full Statistical Release.
• De Beukelaer, C., (2014), “Creative Industries in Developing Countries: Questioning Country Classifications in The UNCTAD Creative Economy Reports”, Cultural Trends, Vol. 23, No. 4, pp.232–251.
• Demir, E. M., (2014), “Yaratıcı Endüstriler”, İLEF Dergisi, 1(2), s. 87-107.
• Donald, B., Gertler M. S. and P. Tyler, (2013), “Creatives After the Crash”, Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 6, pp.3–21.
• Eriç, M., (1998), Kültür ve Yaratıcılık, Kazancı Kitap, İstanbul.
• European Commission, (2006), ‘The Economy of Culture in Europe”, Eorupean Affairs.
• Flew, T., (2002), “Beyond ad hocery: Defining Creative Industries”, The Second International Conference on Cultural Policy Research, New Zealand.
• Florida, R., (2005), Cities and the Creative Class, Routledge, New York.
• Florida, R., Mellander, C.P.A. and K. M., Stolarick, (2010), “Talent, Technology and Tolerance in Canadian Regional Development”, The Canadian Geographer, Vol.54, No. 3, pp.277–304.
• Gabe, T., Florida, R. and C. Mellander, (2013), “The Creative Class and The Crisis”, Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 6, pp.37-53.
• Glaeser, E. L. (1998) “Are Cities Dying?”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol.12, No.2, , pp.139-160.
• Glaeser, E., (2011), “Which Places Are Growing? Seven Notable Trends from Newly Released Census Data”, Policy Briefs, pp.1-12.
• Güran, M. C. ve İ. E. Seçilmiş, (2013), “Ankara Kültür Ekonomisi Sektörel Büyüklüklerin Değerlendirilmesi”, T.C Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı, Ankara.
• Grodach, C., (2013), “Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice”, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Volume 37.5, pp.1747–1765.
• Hansen, H. K., (2007), Technology, Talent and Tolerance – The Geography of the Creative Class in Sweden, Department of Social and Economic Geography, Lund University, Report 169.
• Hospers, G.-J., (2003), “Creative Cities: Breeding Places in the Knowledge Economy”, Knowledge, Technology, & Policy, Vol.16, No.3, pp. 143-162.
• Howkins, J., (2013), The Creative Economy: How People Make Money From Ideas, Penguin Books, London.
• Indergaard, M., (2013), “Beyond the Bubbles: Creative New York in Boom, Bust and the Long Run”, Cities, 33, pp.43–50.
• Ivanovici, M., Mândruleanu A., (2009), “Creative Economy’s Gauges. Romania’s Case”, Management & Marketing, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp.125-150.
• İzmir Kalkınma Ajansı, (2013), “İzmir 2012 Kültür Ekonomisi, Kültür Altyapısı Envanteri Ve İzmir Kültür Ekonomisi Gelişme Stratejisi”, İzmir.
• Knudsen, B., Florida, R., Stolarick, K., Gates, G., (2008), “Density and Creativity in U.S. Regions”, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol.98, No.2, pp. 461–478.
• Kolenda, R., Liu, C. Y., (2012), “Are Central Cities More Creative? The Intrametropolitan Geography of Creative Industries”, Journal of Urban Affairs, Vol. 34, No. 5, pp. 487–511.
• Landry, Charles, (2007), The Creative City, Earthscan, London.
• Landry, C. Bianchini, F., (1998), “The Creative City”, Demos, UK.
• Lazzeretti, L., Capone, F. ve İ. E., Seçilmiş, (2014), “Türkiye’de Yaratıcı ve Kültürel Sektörlerin Yapısı”, Maliye Dergisi, No.166, s.195-220.
• Lee, S. Y., Florida, R. and Z. J., Acs, (2004), “Creativity and Entrepreneurship: A Regional Analysis of New Firm Formation”, Regional Studies, Vol. 38.8, pp. 879–891.
• Levickaitè, R., (2011), “Four Approaches to The Creative Economy: General Overview”, Business, Management and Education, Vol.9, No.1, pp.81-92.
• Milicevic, V., Bojan I. and A. Sofronijevic, (2013), “Business Aspects of Creative Industries from a Global Perspective”, Management Journal for Theory and Practice Management, 66, pp.5-14.
• Murphy, A. B., (2012), “China’s Cultural and Creative Economy: An Introduction”, Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol.53, No.2, pp. 179–181.
• Nathan, M., Pratt, A. and A., Rincon–Aznar, (2015), ), “Creative Economy Employment in the EU and the UK A Comparative Analysis”, Nesta.
• Nathan, M., Kemeny, T., Pratt, A. and G. Spencer, (2016), “Creative Economy Employment in the US, Canada and the UK a Comparative Analysis”, Nesta.
• Pratt, A. C., (2008), “Creative Cities: The Cultural Industries And The Creative Class”, Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography 90 (2), pp.107–117.
• Pratt, A. C., (2009), “Cultural economy”, International Encylopedia of Human Geography, Vol. 2, R. Kitchen and N. Thrift, Oxford, Elsevier: pp.407‐420.
• Pratt, A. C., (2010), “Creative Cities: Tensions Within and Between Social, Cultural and Economic Development A critical Reading of the UK Experience”, City, Culture and Society, 1, pp.13–20.
• Quigley, J. M., (1998), “Urban Diversity and Economic Growth”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol.12, No.2, pp. 127–138.
• SGK, Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu Yıllıkları, http://www.sgk.gov.tr/wps/portal/sgk/tr/kurumsal/istatistik/sgk_istatistik_ yilliklari (Erişim: 07.06.2016)
• Spencer, G. M., (2012), “Creative Economies of Scale: An Agent-Based Model of Creativity And Agglomeration”, Journal of Economic Geography, Vol.12, pp.247–271.
• Suciu, M. C., (2009), “Creative Economy and Creative Cities”, Romanian Journal of Regional Science, Vol.3, No.1, pp.82-91.
• Tepper, S. J., (2002), “Creative Assets and the Changing Economy”, The Journal of Arts Management, Law, and Society, Vol. 32, No. 2, pp.159-168.
• Towse, R., (2002), “Copyright and Cultural Policy for the Creative Industries”, Economics, Law and Intellectual Property, ed. O., Granstrand, Kluwer Academic Publishers.
• UNCTAD, (2010), “Creative Economy: A Feasible Development Option”. Erişim:20.08.2013 http://unctad.org/es/Docs/ditctab20103_en.pdf