An Empirical Study on Alcohol Participation and Consumption Decision in Turkey

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 41, 57 - 70, 31.07.2019

Egemen İpek

https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2019.03.03

Cited By: 5

Öz

In this study, households’ alcohol participation and consumption decision structures and the effect of socioeconomic factors influencing on these decisions are analyzed by using Tobit and double-hurdle models with Household Budget Survey data in Turkey. This study shows that alcohol participation and consumption decision are taken as independently from each other and sequentially based on the goodness of fit tests of the model. When the effects of household demographic variables on alcohol consumption decisions are examined, it is obtained that having a child has a negative effect on alcohol participation decision and consumption of cigarette has a positive effect on alcohol participation decision. Furthermore, household income level has a positive effect on both alcohol participation and consumption decision.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alcohol Consumption, Participation Decision, Household, Demographics, Double Hurdle Model

Türkiye’de Alkol Katılım ve Tüketim Kararları Üzerine Ampirik Bir Çalışma

Öz

Bu çalışmada hanelerin alkol katılım ve tüketim karar yapıları ile bu kararları etkileyen sosyoekonomik faktörlerin kararlar üzerindeki etkileri Tobit ve çift eşik yöntemleri yardımıyla Hanehalkı Bütçe Anketi verileri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan model uyum iyiliği testleri sonucunda katılım ve tüketim kararlarının birbirinden bağımsız ve sıralı olarak alındığı görülmüştür. Hanehalkına ait demografik değişkenlerin alkol tüketim kararları üzerindeki etkilerine bakıldığında çocuk sahipliğinin katılım kararı üzerinde negatif, sigara tüketiminin ise alkolkatılım kararı üzerinde pozitif etkiye sahip olduğu tahmin edilmiştir. Ayrıca hanehalkı gelir seviyesi hem alkol katılım hem de tüketim kararları üzerinde pozitif etkiye sahiptir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alkol Tüketimi, Katılım Kararı, Hanehalkı, Demografik, Çift Eşit Yöntemi

Kaynakça

• Abdel‐Ghany, M. & J. L. Silver (1998), “Economic and Demographic Determinants of Canadian Households' Use of and Spending on Alcoholˮ Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal 27(1), 62-90.
• Adrian, M., & F. S. Brian (1987), “Demand for Domestic and Imported Alcohol in Canadaˮ Applied Economics, 19(4), 531-540.
• Ahtola, Juha & A. Ekholm & A. Somervuori (1986), “Bayes Estimates for the Price and Income Elasticities of Alcoholic Beverages in Finland from 1955 to 1980ˮ, Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 4(2), 199-208.
• Angulo, A. M. & J.M. Gil &A. Gracia (2001), “The Demand for Alcoholic Beverages in Spainˮ, Agricultural Economics, 26(1), 71-83.
• Aristei, D. & L. Pieroni (2008), “A Double-Hurdle Approach to Modelling Tobacco Consumption in Italyˮ, Applied Economics, 40(19), 2463-2476.
• Aristei, D. & P. Federico & L. Pieroni (2008), “Cohort, age and Time Effects in Alcohol Consumption by Italian Households: a Double-Hurdle Approachˮ, Empirical Economics, 35(1), 29-61.
• Aydın, K. (2011), “Türkiye'de Alkollü İçki Kültürü ve Hanehalkı Alkol Harcamalarıˮ, Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(38), 335-347.
• Bhubaneswor, D. & H. Bigsby & R. Cullen (2008), “Determinants of Forestry Investment and Extent of Forestry Expansion by Smallholders in New Zealandˮ, Review of Applied Economics, 4(1-2), 65-76.
• Blaylock, J. & W. N. Blisard (1993), “Women and the Demand for Alcohol: Estimating Participation and Consumption”, Journal of Consumer Affairs, 27(2), 319-334.
• Blundell, R. W. & C. Meghir (1987), “Bivariate Alternative to the Univariate Tobit Model”, Journal of Econometrics, 33, 59-80.
• Carroll, J. & S. McCarthy & C. Newman (2005), “An Econometric Analysis of Charitable Donations”, The Economic and Social Review, 36 (3), 229-249.
• Cragg, J. G. (1971), “Some Statistical Models for Limited Dependent Variables with Applications to the Demand for Durable Goods,” Econometrica, 39, 829-844.
• Duffy, M. (1983), “The Demand for Alcoholic Drink in the United Kingdom, 1963–78”, Applied Economics, 15(1), 125-140.
• Emeç, H. & E. Gülay (2008), “Alkol Tüketimi ve Sosyo-Demografik Değişkenlerin Alkol Tüketimi Üzerine Etkisi”, Ekonomik Yaklaşım Dergisi, 19(68), 115-134.
• Fry, V. & P. Pashardes (1994), “Abstention and Aggregation in Consumer Demand: Zero Tobacco Expenditures”, Oxford Economic Papers, 46(3), 502-518.
• Gao X.M. & E.J. Wailes & G.L. Cramer (1995), “Double Hurdle Model with Bivariate Normal Errors: an Application to US Rice Demand”, Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, 27, 363-376.
• Garcia, J. & J. M. Labeaga (1996), “Alternative Approaches to Modelling Zero Expenditure: an Application to Spanish Demand for Tobacco”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 58(3), 489-506.
• Goel, R., & Morey M. (1995), “The Interdependence of Cigarette and Liquor Demand”, Southern Economic Journal, 62, 451-459.
• Greene, W. (2011), Econometric Analysis, 7 baskı, Pearson, Londra, Birleşik Krallık.
• Ground, M. & S. Koch (2008), “Hurdle Models of Alcohol and Tobacco Expenditure in South African Households”, South African Journal of Economics, 76(1), 132-143.
• Heckman, J. (1979), “Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Bias”, Econometrica, 47, 153–161.
• Humphreys, B. (2013), “Dealing with Zeros in Economic Data”, Department of Economics, University of Alberta, Alberta.
• Jones, A. & M. Mazzi (1996), “Tobacco Consumption and Taxation in Italy: an Application of the QUAIDS Model”, Applied Economics, 28, 595-603.
• Jones, A. (1989), “A Double-Hurdle Model of Cigarette Consumption”, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 4, 23-39.
• Jones, A. (1992), “A Note on Computation of the Double-Hurdle Model with Dependence with an Application to Tobacco Expenditure”, Bulletin of Economic Research, 44(1), 67-74.
• Kitchin, D. P. (1983), “Socio-Economic Determinants of UK Alcohol Consumption, 1956–79”, International Journal of Social Economics, 10(3), 34-39.
• Labeaga, J. M. (1999), “A Double-Hurdle Rational Addiction Model with Heterogeneity: Estimating the Demand for Tobacco”, Journal of Econometrics, 93, 49-72.
• Lumley, T. & P. Diehr & S. Emerson & L. Chen (2002), “The Importance of the Normality Assumption in Large Public Health Data Sets”, Annual Review of Public Health, 23(1), 151-169.
• Manrique, F. & H. Jensen (2004), “Consumption of Tobacco and Alcoholic Beverages among Spanish Consumers”, Southwestern Economic Review, 31(1), 41-56.
• Martínez-Espiñeira, R. (2006) “A Box-Cox Double-Hurdle Model of Wildlife Valuation: the Citizen’s Perspective”, Ecological Economics, 58(1), 192-208.
• McDowell, A. (2003), “From the Help Desk: Hurdle Models,” The Stata Journal, 3(2), 178-184.
• McGuinness, T. (1980), “An Econometric Analysis of Total Demand for Alcoholic Beverages in the UK, 1956-75”, The Journal of Industrial Economics, 29(1), 85-109.
• Moshoeshoe, R. (2012), “Consumer Demand for Alcoholic Beverages and Tobacco in Lesotho: a Double-Hurdle Approach”, Economic Research Southern Africa (ERSA) working paper, No. 315.
• Ogundari, K. (2013), “A Note on Socio-economic Characteristics and the Demand for Beverages in Nigeria: Does Income Matter?”, Economic Analysis and Policy, 43(3), 293-301.
• Ornstein, S. & D. Hanssens (1985), “Alcohol Control Laws and the Consumption of Distilled Spirits and Beer”, Journal of Consumer Research, 12(2), 200-213.
• Penm, J. (1988), “An Econometric Study of the Demand for Bottled, Canned and Bulk Beer”, Economic Record, 64(4), 268-274.
• Pudney, S. (1989), Modelling Individual Choice: The Econometrics of Corners, Kinks, and Holes, London: Basil Blackwell.
• Schmidt, A. & C. Finan (2018), “Linear Regression and the Normality Assumption”, Journal Of Clinical Epidemiology, 98, 146-151.
• Selvanathan, A. (1988), “Alcohol Consumption in the UK, 1955–85: a System-wide Analysis”, Applied Economics, 20(8), 1071-1086.
• Sharpe, D. & M. Abdel-Ghany & H. Y. Kim & G. S. Hong (2001), “Alcohol Consumption Decisions in Korea”, Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 22(1), 7-24.
• Shonkwiler, J. S. & Yen, S. T. (1999), “Two-step Estimation of a Censored System of Equations”, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 81(4), 972-982.
• Shrestha, R. & J. Alavalapati & A. Seidl & K. Weber & T. Suselo (2006), “Estimating the Local Cost of Protecting Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, Nepal: A Contingent Valuation Approach”, Environment, Development and Sustainability, 9(4), 413-426.
• Su, S. B. & Yen, S. T. (2000), “A Censored System of Cigarette and Alcohol Consumption”, Applied Economics, 32(6), 729-737.
• Tobin, J. (1958) “Estimation of Relationships for Limited Dependent Variables”, Econometrica, 46(1), 24-36.
• Vuong, Q. (1989), “Likelihood Ratio Tests for Model Selection and Nonnested Hypotheses”, Econometrica, 57, 307-333.
• Yen, S.T. (1994), “Cross-section Estimation of U.S. Demand for Alcoholic Beverages”, Applied Economics, 26, 381-392.
• Yen, S. T. (2005a), “Zero Observations and Gender Differences in Cigarette Consumption”, Applied Economics, 37(16), 1839-1849.
• Yen, S. T. (2005b), “A Multivariate Sample-Selection Model: Estimating Cigarette and Alcohol Demands with Zero Observations,” American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 87(2), 453-466.
• Yen, S. T. & H. H. Jensen (1996), “Determinants of Household Expenditures on Alcohol”, The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 30, 48-67.
• Yu, X. & D. Abler (2010), “Interactions Between Cigarette and Alcohol Consumption in Rural China”, The European Journal of Health Economics, 11(2), 151-160.