Seçili OECD Ülkelerinde Teknolojik Yeniliklerin Çevre Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 30 Sayı: 51, 11 - 31, 31.01.2022

Asli Ozpolat , Ferda Özsoy

https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2022.01.01

Cited By: 4

Öz

Bu çalışmada, seçili OECD ülkeleri için 1995-2017 yılları arasında teknolojik yeniliklerin çevre kalitesi üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi ve Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Karbon emisyonu bağımlı değişken iken, patent başvuruları, kişi başına düşen GSYİH, enerji kullanımı ve kentleşme modelde kontrol değişken olarak kullanılmıştır. Teknolojik yenilikler ve çevresel kalite arasındaki bağlantıyı incelemek için ikinci nesil panel analizi tahmin edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi seçili OECD ülkelerinde geçerli değildir. Teknolojik yenilik, çevresel bozulmayı azaltırken, enerji kullanımı ve şehirleşme de bozulmaları artırmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi, Teknolojik Yenilik, Çevresel Bozulma

The Effect of Technological Innovations on Environmental Quality in Selected OECD Countries

Öz

This study aims to examine the effect of technological innovations on the environmental quality in 1995-2017 for the selected OECD countries and to determine Environmental Kuznets Curve. While carbon emission is the dependent variable, patent applications, GDP per capita, energy use, and urbanization are used as control variables in the model. Second-generation panel analysis has been estimated to examine the link between technological innovations and environmental quality. According to the results obtained, Environmental Kuznets Curve is not valid in selected OECD countries. Technological innovation decreases environmental degradation while energy use and urbanization increase degradations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Environmental Kuznets Curve, Technological Innovation, Environmental Degradation

Kaynakça

• Acaravcı, A. & I. Ozturk (2010), “On the Relationship Between Energy Consumption, CO2 Emissions and Economic Growth in Europe”, Energy, 35(2010), 5412-5420.
• Adams, S. et al. (2018), “Renewable and Non-renewable Energy, Regime Type and Economic Growth”, Renew. Energy, 125, 755-767.
• Ahmad, N. & L. Du (2017), “Effects of Energy Production and CO2 Emissions on Economic Growth in Iran: ARDL Approach”, Energy, 123, 521-537.
• Al-Mulali, U. et al. (2015a), “Investigating the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in Vietnam”, Energy Policy, 76, 123-131.
• Al-Mulali, U. et al. (2015b), “Investigating the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) Hypothesis by Utilizing the Ecological Footprint as an Indicator of Environmental Degradation”, Ecol Indic, 48, 315-323.
• Al-Mulali, U. et al. (2015c), “The Global Move Toward Internet Shopping and its Influence on Pollution: An Empirical Analysis”, Environ Sci Pollut Res, 22(13), 9717-9727.
• Álvarez-Herránz, A. et al. (2017), “Energy Innovations-GHG Emissions Nexus: Fresh Empirical Evidence from OECD Countries”, Energy Policy, 101, 90-100.
• Ang J.B. (2007), “CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption, and Output in France”, Energy Policy, 35, 4772-4778.
• Apergis, N. & J.E. Payne (2009), “CO2 Emissions, Energy Usage, and Output in Central America”, Energy Policy, 37(8), 3282-3286.
• Apergis, N. & J.E. Payne (2010), “A Panel Study of Nuclear Energy Consumption and Economic Growth”, Energy Econ., 32(3), 545-549.
• Aşıcı, A.A. & S. Acar (2016), “Does Income Growth Relocate Ecological Footprint?”, Ecological Indicators, 61, 707-714.
• Asongu, S.A. et al. (2017), “Environmental degradation, ICT and Inclusive Development in Sub-Saharan Africa”, Energy Policy, 111, 353-361.
• Atil, A. et al. (2019), “Factors Influencing CO2 Emission in China: A Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lags Investigation”, MPRA Paper No: 91190.
• Aydın, C. et al. (2019), “Is the Ecological Footprint Related to the Kuznets Curve a Real Process or Rationalizing the Ecological Consequences of the Affluence? Evidence from PSTR Approach”, Ecological Indicators, 98, 543-555.
• Bastida, L. et al. (2019), “Exploring the role of ICT on Household Behavioral Energy Efficiency to Mitigate Global Warming”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 103, 455-462.
• Bekaroo, G. et al. (2016), “Impacts of ICT on the Natural Ecosystem: A Grass Root Analysis for Promoting Socio-Environmental Sustainability”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 57, 1580-1595.
• Breusch, T.S. & A.R. Pagan (1980), “The Lagrange Multiplier Test and Its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics”, The Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), 239-253.
• Brunnermeier, S.B. & M.A. Cohen (2003), “Determinants of Environmental Innovation in US Manufacturing Industries”, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 45(2), 278-293.
• Cai, Y. et al. (2018), “Nexus Between Clean Energy Consumption, Economic Growth and CO2 Emissions”, Journal of Cleaner Production, 182, 1001-1011.
• Chavanne, X. et al. (2015), “Electricity Consumption of Telecommunication Equipment to Achieve a Tele-meeting”, Apply Energy, 137, 273-281.
• Chen, W. & Y. Lei (2018), “The Impacts of Renewable Energy and Technological Innovation on Environment-Energy-Growth Nexus: New Evidence from a Panel Quantile Regression”, Renewable Energy, 123, 1-14.
• Chen, Y. et al. (2019), “CO2 Emissions, Economic Growth, Renewable and Non-renewable Energy Production and Foreign Trade in China”, Renew. Energy, 131, 208-216.
• Cheng, C. et al. (2019), “The Impact of Renewable Energy and Innovation on Carbon Emission: An Empirical Analysis for OECD Countries”, Energy Procedia, 158, 3506-3512.
• Cho, Y. et al. (2007), “The Impact of ICT Investment and Energy Price on Industrial Electricity Demand: Dynamic Growth Model Approach”, Energy Policy, 35, 4730-4738.
• Cole, M.A. & E. Neumayer (2004), “Examining the Impact of Demographic Factors on Air Pollution”, Population and Environment, 26(1), 5-21.
• Coroama V.C. et al. (2012), “Effects of Internet-Based Multiple-Site Conferences on Greenhouse Gas Emissions”, Telematics and Informatics, 29, 362-74.
• Danish-Baloch, M.A. et al. (2019), “Effect of Natural Resources, Renewable Energy and Economic Development on CO2 Emissions in BRICS Countries”, Science of The Total Environment, 678, 632-638.
• Destek, M.A. & F.N. Ozsoy (2015), “Relationships Between Economic Growth, Energy Consumption, Globalization, Urbanization, and Environmental Degradation in Turkey”, International Journal of Energy and Statistics, 3(04), 1550017.
• Destek, M.A. et al. (2018), “Analyzing the Environmental Kuznets Curve for the EU Countries: The Role of Ecological Footprint”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(29), 29387-29396.
• Dong, K. et al. (2018), “CO2 Emissions, Economic Growth, and the Environmental Kuznets Curve in China: what roles can nuclear energy and Renewable Energy Play?”, Journal of Cleaner Production, 196, 51-63.
• Dumitrescu, E.I. & C. Hurlin (2012), “Testing for Granger Non-Causality in Heterogeneous Panels”, Econ. Model., 29, 1450-1460.
• Elliot, S. (2011), “Transdisciplinary Perspectives on Environmental Sustainability: A Resource base and Framework for IT-Enabled Business Transformation”, MIS Quarterly, 35(1), 197-236.
• Erdmann, L. & L.M. Hilty (2010), “Scenario Analysis; Exploring the Macroeconomic Impacts of Information and Communication Technologies on Greenhouse Gas Emissions”, Journal Industrial Ecology, 14, 826-43.
• Fang, Y. (2011), “Economic Welfare Impacts from Renewable Energy Consumption: The China Experience”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(9), 5120-5128.
• Fettweis, G. & E. Zimmermann (2008), “ICT Energy Consumption-Trends and Challenges”, The11th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC2008), 2, 6.
• Fisher-Vanden, K. et al. (2004), “What is Driving China’s Decline in Energy Intensity?”, Resource and Energy Economics, 26(1), 77-97.
• Friedl, B. & M. Getzner (2003), “Determinants of CO2 Emissions in a Small Open Economy”, Ecological Economics, 45(1), 133-148.
• G7 ICT and Industry Ministers’ Declaration (2017), Making the Next Production Revolution Inclusive, Open and Secure, Italy, <https://Teamdigitale.Governo.It/Upload/Docs/2017/10/Declaration_And_Annexes_Final_26_09_2017.Pdf>, 23.08.2019.
• Ganda, F. (2019), “The Impact of Innovation and Technology Investments on Carbon Emissions in Selected Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Countries”, Journal of Cleaner Production, 217, 469-483.
• Garrone, P. & L. Grilli (2010), “Is There a Relationship Between Public Expenditures in Energy R&D and Carbon Emissions per GDP? An Empirical Investigation”, Energy Policy, 38, 5600-5613.
• Gesi (2012), Smart 2020: Enabling the Low Carbon Economy in the Information Age, <https://www.Theclimategroup.Org/Sites/Default/Files/Archive/Files/Smart2020Report.Pdf>, 23.08.2019.
• Global Footprint Network (2019), National Footprint Accounts, Ecological Footprint, <http://data.footprintnetwork.org>, 23.08.2019.
• Gombiner, J. (2011), “Carbon Foot Printing the Internet”, The Journal of Sustainable Development, 5(1), 119-124.
• Greening, L.A. et al. (2000), “Energy Efficiency and Consumption-the Rebound Effect-a Survey”, Energy Policy, 28(6-7), 389-401.
• Hassan, S.T. et al. (2018), “Economic Growth, Natural Resources, and Ecological Footprints: Evidence from Pakistan”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(3), 2929-2938.
• He, J. & P. Richard (2010), “Environmental Kuznets Curve for CO2 in Canada”, Ecological Economics, 69(5), 1083-1093.
• Higon, D. et al. (2017), “ICT and Environmental Sustainability: A Global Perspective”, Telematics and Informatics, 34, 85-95.
• Inglesi-Lotz, R. (2016), “The Impact of Renewable Energy Consumption to Economic Growth: A Panel Data Application”, Energy Economics, 53, 58-63.
• IPCC (2018), Global Warming of 1.5°C Report, <https://Www.Ipcc.Ch/Site/Assets/Uploads/Sites/2/2019/06/SR15_Full_Report_High_Res.Pdf>, 23.08.2019.
• Irandoust, M. (2016), “The Renewable Energy-Growth Nexus with Carbon Emissions and Technological Innovation: Evidence from the Nordic Countries”, Ecological Indicators, 69, 118-125.
• Ishida, H. (2015), “The Effect of ICT Development on Economic Growth and Energy Consumption in Japan”, Telematics and Informatics, 32, 79-88.
• ITU (2019), World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database, <https://Www.Itu.Int/En/ITU-D/Statistics/Pages/Publications/Wtid.Aspx>, 23.08.2019.
• Iwata, H. et al. (2010), “Empirical Study on the Environmental Kuznets Curve for CO2, in France: The Role of Nuclear Energy”, Energy Pol., 38(8), 4057-4063.
• Jalil, A. & M. Feridun (2011), “The Impact of Growth, Energy and Financial Development on the Environment in China: a cointegration analysis”, Energy Economics, 33, 284-291.
• Jalil, A. & S.F. Mahmud (2009), “Environmental Kuznets Curve for CO2 Emissions: a Cointegration Analysis for China”, Energy Policy, 37, 5167-5172.
• Jones, A. (2002), “An Environmental Assessment of Food Supply Chains: A Case Study on Dessert Apples”, Environmental Management, 30(4), 560-576.
• Kahouli, B. (2018), “The Causality Link Between Energy Electricity Consumption, CO2 Emissions, R&D Stocks and Economic Growth in Mediterranean Countries (MCs)”, Energy, 145, 388-399.
• Kang, H.S. et al. (2019), “The Dynamic Relationships among CO2 emissions, Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Sources, and Economic Growth in India: Evidence from Time-Varying Bayesian VAR Model”, Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 50 (2019), 90-101.
• Khan D.N. et al. (2018), “The Level of ICT on CO2 Emissions in Emerging Economies: Does the Level of Income Matters?”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(23), 22850-22860.
• Koçak, E. & Z.Ş. Ulucak (2019), “The Effect of Energy R&D Expenditures on CO2 Emission Reduction: Estimation of the STIRPAT Model for OECD Countries”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(14), 14328-14338.
• Kónya, L. (2006), “Exports and Growth: Granger Causality Analysis on OECD Countries with a Panel Data Approach”, Economic Modelling, 23(6), 978-992.
• Lee, J.W. & T. Brahmasrene (2014), “ICT, CO2 Emissions and Economic Growth: Evidence from a Panel of ASEAN”, Global Economic Review, 43, 93-109.
• Li, M. & Q. Wang (2017), “Will Technology Advances Alleviate Climate Change? Dual Effects of Technology Change on Aggregate Carbon Dioxide Emissions”, Energy Sustain. Dev., 41, 61-68.
• Lin, B. & J. Zhu (2019), “The Role of Renewable Energy Technological Innovation on Climate Change: Empirical Evidence from China”, Science of the Total Environment, 659, 1505-1512.
• Lin, B. & J. Zhu (2019), “The Role of Renewable Energy Technological Innovation on Climate Change: Empirical Evidence from China”, Science of the Total Environment, 659, 1505-1512.
• Marrero, G.A. (2010), “Greenhouse Gases Emissions, Growth and the Energy Mix in Europe”, Energy Economics, 32(6), 1356-1363.
• Matthews, H.S. et al. (2002), “Energy Implications of Online Book Retailing in the United States and Japan”, Environ Impact Asses, 22(5), 493-507.
• Moyer, J.D. & B.B. Hughes (2012), “Icts: do They Contribute to Increased Carbon Emissions?”, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 79, 919-31.
• Mrabet, Z. & M. Alsamara (2017), “Testing the Kuznets Curve Hypothesis for Qatar: a Comparison between Carbon Dioxide and Ecological Footprint”, Renew Sust Energ Rev, 70, 1366-1375.
• Murthy, K.V. et al. (2018), “Analyzing Environmental Kuznets Curve and Pollution Haven Hypothesis in India in the Context of Domestic and Global Policy Change”, Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal, 12(2), 134-156.
• Nikzad, R. & G. Sedigh (2017), “Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Green Technologies in Canada”, Environmental Development, 24, 99-108.
• OECD (2010), Greener and Smarter, ICTS, the Environmental and Climate Change Report.
• Ozturk, I. et al. (2016), “Investigating the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: The Role of Tourism and Ecological Footprint”, Environ Sci Pollut Res, 23(2), 1916-1928.
• Pao, H. & C.M. Tsai (2010), “CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in BRIC Countries”, Energy Policy, 38, 7850-7860.
• Paul, S. & R.N. Bhattacharya (2004), “CO2 Emission from Energy Use in India: A Decomposition Analysis”, Energy Policy, 32(5), 585-593.
• Pesaran, M.H. (2004), “General Diagnostic Tests for Cross Section Dependence in Panels”, Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 0435, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
• Raheem, I.D. et al. (2019), “The Role of ICT and Financial Development on CO2 Emissions and Economic Growth”, African Governance and Development Institute Working Paper, WP/19/058.
• Room, J. (2002), “The Internet and the New Energy Economy”, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 36, 197-210.
• Saboori, B. et al. (2012), “Economic Growth and CO2, Emissions in Malaysia: a Cointegration Analysis of the Environmental Kuznets Curve”, Energy Pol., 51(4), 184-191.
• Sadorsky, P. (2012), “Information Communication Technology and Electricity Consumption in Emerging Economies”, Energy Policy, 48, 130-136.
• Saidi, K. & S. Hammami (2015), “The Impact of CO2 Emissions and Economic Growth on Energy Consumption in 58 Countries”, Energy Rep, 1, 62-70.
• Samargandi, N. (2017), “Sector Value Addition, Technology and CO2 Emissions in Saudi Arabia”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 78, 868-877.
• Sandner, P.G. & J. Block (2011), “The market value of R&D, patents, and trademarks”, Res Policy, 40(7), 969-985.
• Seto, K. et al. (2014), “Human Settlements, Infrastructure and Spatial Planning”, in: O. Edenhofer et al. (eds.), Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change, Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, Geneva), (923-1000), Cambridge UK/New York: Cambridge University Press.
• Shabani, Z. & R. Shahnazi (2019), “Energy Consumption, Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Information and Communications Technology, and Gross Domestic Product in Iranian Economic Sectors: A Panel Causality Analysis”, Energy, 169, 1064-1078.
• Sharma, S.S. (2011), “Determinants of Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Empirical Evidence from 69 Countries”, Applied Energy, 88(1), 376-382.
• Sinha, A. & M. Shahbaz (2018), “Estimation of Environmental Kuznets Curve for CO2 Emission: Role of Renewable Energy Generation in India”, Renewable Energy, 119, 703-711.
• Sohag, K. et al. (2015), “Dynamics of Energy Use, Technological Innovation, Economic Growth and Trade Openness in Malaysia”, Energy, 90, 1497-1507.
• Sorrell, S. et al. (2009), “Empirical Estimates of the Direct Rebound Effect: A Review”, Energy Policy, 37, 1356-1371.
• Takase, K. & Y. Murota (2004), “The Impact of IT Investment on Energy: Japan and US Comparison in 2010”, Energy Policy, 32, 1291-1301.
• Tang, C.F. & E.C. Tan (2013), “Exploring the Nexus of Electricity Consumption, Economic Growth, Energy Prices and Technology Innovation in Malaysia”, Applied Energy, 104, 297-305.
• Toffel, M.W. & A. Horvath (2004), “Environmental Implications of Wireless Technologies: News Delivery and Business Meetings”, Environmental Science and Technology, 38, 2961-70.
• Tuna, G. & V.E. Tuna (2019), “The Asymmetric Causal Relationship between Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in the ASEAN-5 Countries”, Resource Policy, (62), 114-124.
• United Nations (2017), “Urban Environment Related Mitigation Benefits and Co-Benefits of Policies, Practices and Actions for Enhancing Mitigation Ambition and Options for Supporting their Implementation”, Framework Convention on Climate Change, United Nations publication, FCCC/TP/2017/2.
• United Nations (2018), World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018 Revision, ST/ESA/SER.A/420.
• Webb, M. et al. (2008), “SMART 2020: Enabling the Low Carbon Economy in the Information Age”, Climate Group, 1(1), 1.
• Westerlund, J. (2007), “Testing for Error Correction in Panel Data”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 69(6), 709-748.
• Westerlund, J. (2008), “Panel Cointegration Tests of the Fisher Effect”, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 23, 193-233.
• Yii, K.J. & C. Geetha (2017), “The Nexus between Technology Innovation and CO2 Emissions in Malaysia: Evidence from Granger Causality Test”, Energy. Procedia., 105, 3118-3124.
• Zhang, C. & C. Liu (2015), “The Impact of ICT Industry on CO2 Emissions: A Regional Analysis in China”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 44, 12-19.
• Zhang, Y.J. et al. (2015), “Direct Energy Rebound Effect for Road Passenger Transport in China: A Dynamic Panel Quantile Regression Approach”, Energy Policy, 87, 303-313.
• Zhang, Y.J. et al. (2017), “Can Environmental Innovation Facilitate Carbon Emissions Reduction? Evidence from China”, Energy Policy, 100, 18-28.
• Zhou, N. et al. (2010), “Overview of Current Energy-Efficiency Policies in China”, Energy Policy, 38(11), 6439-6452.