Dış Ticaretin Serbestleşmesi ve İşsizlik Arasındaki İlişkinin Heterojen Firma Modeli Çerçevesinde Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 30 Sayı: 51, 319 - 352, 31.01.2022

Zeynep Çirkin Büyükdeniz , Türkmen Göksel

https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2022.01.16

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, uluslararası ticaretin büyük bir kısmını oluşturan benzer teknoloji, tercih ve maliyet yapılarına sahip ülkeler arasındaki ticareti ifade eden endüstri içi ticaret modellerinden olan Melitz (2003) modelini, işsizlik varsayımı altında ele alarak dış ticaret liberalizasyonun işsizliği nasıl etkilediğini araştırmaktır. Bu çalışmada analiz edilen model etkin ücreti varsayımı ile yeniden modellenmiş ve işsizlik içsel olarak hesaplanmıştır. Model nümerik yöntemle çözülmüştür. Modelde piyasa genişlemesinin ve piyasadaki rekabetin eş anlı olarak ortaya çıktığı varsayılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre piyasa genişlemesinin rekabeti domine etmesi durumunda işsizlik azalırken, rekabetin piyasa genişlemesini domine etmesi halinde işsizlik artmaktadır. Ayrıca yapılan analiz sonucunda piyasa genişlemesinin baskın olması durumunda toplam üretim miktarında, verimlilikte ve işsizlik sigortasında da artış olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Piyasadaki rekabetin baskın olması durumunda ise toplam üretim miktarında, verimlilik seviyesinde ve işsizlik sigortasında azalma meydana geldiği görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Genel Denge Modeli, Etkin Ücret Teorisi, Heterojen Firma Modeli, İşsizlik

Evaluation of the Relationship Between Foreign Trade Liberalization and Unemployment within the Framework of the Heterogeneous Firm Model

Öz

This study investigates how foreign trade liberalization affects unemployment by using the Melitz model (2003), which is one of the intra-industry trade models expressing trade between countries with similar technologies, preferences, and cost structures that make up a large part of international trade. The Melitz model (2003) is remodelled by efficiency wage theory to endogenize unemployment. The model is solved by numerical method. It is assumed that market expansion and competition in the market occur simultaneously. The effect of liberalization on unemployment varies depending on which of two factors, market expansion or competition, dominates the other. According to the results, unemployment decreases when market expansion dominates the competition, while unemployment increases if competition dominates market expansion. In addition, it has been observed that there is an increase in the total amount of production, productivity, and unemployment insurance when market expansion is dominant. Also, it has been observed that there is a decrease in the total amount of production, productivity level, and unemployment insurance when competition in the market is dominant.

Anahtar Kelimeler

General Equilibrium Model, Efficiency Wage Theory, Heterogeneous Firms Model, Unemployment

Kaynakça

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