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Investigating the Effect of Digitalization in Financial Inclusion on the Financial Performance of Deposit Banks in Türkiye

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 32 Sayı: 61, 47 - 69, 30.07.2024

Cihan Yılmaz , Hakan Yıldırım

https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2024.03.04

Öz

This study investigates the impact of digitalisation in financial inclusion on the financial performance of deposit banks operating in Türkiye between 2010 and 2021. The study's dependent variables are the financial performance indicators, namely the return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). The number of ATMs and data related to Internet banking are explanatory variables, while asset size, equity ratio, and economic growth are control variables. The analyses conducted using the Two-Step System GMM method reveal that the lagged values of profitability indicators, the number of internet banking customers, financial transactions made through internet banking, equity ratio, asset size, and economic growth have a positive effect on profitability, while the number of ATMs has a negative impact.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Financial Inclusion Digitalization Internet Banking Profitability

Kaynakça

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Finansal Tabana Yayılmadaki Dijitalleşmenin Türkiye’deki Mevduat Bankalarının Finansal Performansları Üzerine Etkisinin Araştırılması

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 32 Sayı: 61, 47 - 69, 30.07.2024

Cihan Yılmaz , Hakan Yıldırım

https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2024.03.04

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, 2010-2021 döneminde finansal tabana yayılmadaki dijitalleşmenin Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren mevduat bankalarının finansal performansları üzerindeki etkisinin araştırılmasıdır. Çalışmanın bağımlı değişkenleri; finansal performans göstergeleri olarak aktif kârlılık oranı (ROA) ve özsermaye kârlılık oranı (ROE)’dir. ATM sayısı ile internet bankacılığına ilişkin veriler açıklayıcı değişkenler olup aktif büyüklüğü, özsermaye oranı ve ekonomik büyüme ise kontrol değişkenleridir. İki Aşamalı Sistem GMM yöntemi ile yapılan analizler neticesinde; kârlılık göstergelerinin gecikmeli değerleri, internet bankacılığı müşteri sayısı, internet bankacılığı ile yapılan finansal işlemler, özsermaye oranı, aktif büyüklüğü ve ekonomik büyümenin kârlılık üzerinde pozitif, ATM sayısının ise negatif etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Finansal Tabana Yayılma Dijitalleşme İnternet Bankacılığı Kârlılık

Kaynakça

  • Abuk-Duygulu, A. & M. Özyiğit (2022), “Financial Inclusion and Income Inequality: An Evaluation on Cause-and-Effect Relationship”, Bulletin of Economic Theory and Analysis, 7(2), 297-325.
  • Ahamed, M.M. & S.K. Mallick (2019), “Is Financial Inclusion Good for Bank Stability? International Evidence”, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 157, 403-427.
  • Akhisar, İ. et al. (2015), “The Effects of Innovations on Bank Performance: The Case of Electronic Banking Services”, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 369-375.
  • Akın, F. (2020), “Dijital Dönüşümün Bankacılık Sektörü Üzerindeki Etkileri”, Balkan ve Yakın Doğu Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6 (2), 15-27.
  • Alam, S.S. et al. (2007), “Development and Prospects of Internet Banking Bangladesh”, Competitive Review: An International Business Journal, 17(1/2), 56-66.
  • Allen, F. et al. (2016), “The Foundations of Financial Inclusion: Understanding Ownership and Use of Formal Accounts”, Journal of Financial Intermediation, 27, 1-30.
  • Al-Samadi, M.O. & S.A. Al-Wabal (2011), “The Impact of E-Banking on the Performance of Jordanian Banks”, Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 16(2), 1-10.
  • Anarfo, E.B. (2018), “Financial Inclusion, Monetary Policy, Financial Sector Development and Financial Regulation in Sub-Saharan Africa”, Doctoral Dissertation, University of Ghana.
  • Arellano, M. & O. Bover (1995), “Another Look at the Instrumental-Variable Estimation of Error-Components Models”, Journal of Econometrics, 68(1), 29-52.
  • Arnoldi, F. & P Claeys (2008), “Internet Banking in Europe: A Comparative Analysis”, Research Institute of Applied Economics Working Papers, 2008/11.
  • Arslan, G. &K. Yavuzaslan (2019), “Bankacılık Sektöründe İnovasyonun Yeri ve Önemi: Türkiye Örneği”, Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 7(2), 946-968.
  • Ashiru, O. et al. (2023), “Financial Innovation and Bank Financial Performance: Evidence from Nigerian Deposit Money Banks”, Research in Globalization, 6, 100120.
  • Avcı, B.S. (2022), “Finansal Kapsayıcılık ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Türkiye için Bir Analiz”, KMÜ Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 24(42), 241-254.
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  • Khatib, S.F.A. et al. (2022), “Financial Inclusion and the Performance of Banking Sector in Palestine”, Economies, 10(10), 247.
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  • Korkmazgöz, Ç. & İ. Ege (2020), “Finansal Teknolojilerin Türk Bankacılık Sektörünün Finansal Performansına Etkisi: Mobil Bankacılık Üzerine Uygulama”, Mersin Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü e-Dergisi, 3(2), 106-125.
  • Kouladoum, J.-C. et al. (2022), “Digital Technologies and Financial Inclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa”, Telecommunications Policy, 46(9), 102387.
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  • PAL (2020), Dijital Finansal Kapsayıcılık: Finansal Teknolojilerin Kapsayıcılık Yoluyla Olusturabileceği Ekonomik Etkiler ve Politika Önerileri, <palglobal.org>, April 5, 2023.
  • Park, C.Y. & R.V. Mercado (2015), Financial Inclusion, Poverty, and Income Inequality in Developing Asia, ADB Economics Working Paper Series, Number 426.
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  • Seven, Ü. et al. (2020), “Finansal Kapsayıcılık: Türkiye ve Dünya Karşılaştırması”, Ekonomi Notları, 2020-04.
  • Sevim, U. & M. Özkan (2017), “Elektronik Bankacılık Hizmetlerinin Banka Performansı Üzerine Etkisi”, Uluslararası Yönetim, Ekonomi ve Politika Kongresi (244-256), 17-18 Kasım, İstanbul.
  • Shihadeh, F.H. et al. (2018), “Does Financial Inclusion Improve the Banks’ Performance? Evidence from Jordan”, in: Global Tensions in Financial Markets (117-138), Emerald Publishing Limited.
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  • TBB (2023), Dijital, İnternet ve Mobil Bankacılık İstatistikleri, <https://www.tbb.org.tr/tr/bankacilik/banka-ve-sektor-bilgileri/istatistiki-raporlar/59>, March 17, 2023.
  • Temizel, F. (2015), “Finansal Dışlanmaya Bakış”, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 44, 124-128.
  • Thankgod, U.J. et al. (2019), “Effect of Electronic Payment on Financial Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria”, Lafia Journal of Economics and Management Sciences, 4(1), 114-127.
  • Úbeda, F. et al. (2023), “The Sustainable Practices of Multinational Banks As Drivers of Financial Inclusion in Developing Countries”, Finance Research Letters, 51, 103278.
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  • World Bank (2023), GDP per capita growth (annual %), <https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.KD.ZG>, May 7, 2023.
  • Yetiz, F. & A. Ergin-Ünal (2018), “Finansal Yeniliklerin Gelişimi ve Türk Bankacılık Sektörüne Etkileri”, Kastamonu Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(4), 117-135.
  • Yıldız, M. (2022), “Finansal Erişim, Ekonomik Büyüme ve Özel Sektör Yatırımları İlişkisinin Ekonometrik Analizi”, Maliye ve FinansYazıları, 36(118), 199-220.
  • Yılmaz, C. (2021), “Finansal Tabana Yayılma ve Piyasaların Gelişimi Bağlamında Finansın Dijitalleşmesi”, in: Z. Aykanat (Ed.), İşletme Fonksiyonları ile Dönüşümün Yeni Adı: Endüstri 4.0 (185-216), Gazi Kitabevi: Ankara.
  • Yorulmaz, R. (2013), “Construction of a Regional Financial Inclusion Index in Turkey”, BDDK Bankacılık ve Finansal Piyasalar, 7(1), 79-101.
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  • Zhu, X. et al. (2016), “Digital Finance-from Traditional Finance to Digital and Internet Finance”, in: Business Trends in the Digital Era (161-190), Springer Singapore.
  • Zor, İ. & Ş. Yılmaz-Küçük (2020), “Finansal Tabana Yayılmanın Belirleyicileri: Türkiye ve Dünya Uygulaması”, 3. Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi Dergisi, 55(3), 1780-1802.
Toplam 114 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Para-Bankacılık
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Cihan Yılmaz 0000-0001-8620-4888

Hakan Yıldırım 0000-0002-3173-0247

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 21 Temmuz 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Temmuz 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 8 Kasım 2023
Kabul Tarihi 4 Mayıs 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 32 Sayı: 61

Kaynak Göster

APA Yılmaz, C., & Yıldırım, H. (2024). Investigating the Effect of Digitalization in Financial Inclusion on the Financial Performance of Deposit Banks in Türkiye. Sosyoekonomi, 32(61), 47-69. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2024.03.04
AMA Yılmaz C, Yıldırım H. Investigating the Effect of Digitalization in Financial Inclusion on the Financial Performance of Deposit Banks in Türkiye. Sosyoekonomi. Temmuz 2024;32(61):47-69. doi:10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2024.03.04
Chicago Yılmaz, Cihan, ve Hakan Yıldırım. “Investigating the Effect of Digitalization in Financial Inclusion on the Financial Performance of Deposit Banks in Türkiye”. Sosyoekonomi 32, sy. 61 (Temmuz 2024): 47-69. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2024.03.04.
EndNote Yılmaz C, Yıldırım H (01 Temmuz 2024) Investigating the Effect of Digitalization in Financial Inclusion on the Financial Performance of Deposit Banks in Türkiye. Sosyoekonomi 32 61 47–69.
IEEE C. Yılmaz ve H. Yıldırım, “Investigating the Effect of Digitalization in Financial Inclusion on the Financial Performance of Deposit Banks in Türkiye”, Sosyoekonomi, c. 32, sy. 61, ss. 47–69, 2024, doi: 10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2024.03.04.
ISNAD Yılmaz, Cihan - Yıldırım, Hakan. “Investigating the Effect of Digitalization in Financial Inclusion on the Financial Performance of Deposit Banks in Türkiye”. Sosyoekonomi 32/61 (Temmuz 2024), 47-69. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2024.03.04.
JAMA Yılmaz C, Yıldırım H. Investigating the Effect of Digitalization in Financial Inclusion on the Financial Performance of Deposit Banks in Türkiye. Sosyoekonomi. 2024;32:47–69.
MLA Yılmaz, Cihan ve Hakan Yıldırım. “Investigating the Effect of Digitalization in Financial Inclusion on the Financial Performance of Deposit Banks in Türkiye”. Sosyoekonomi, c. 32, sy. 61, 2024, ss. 47-69, doi:10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2024.03.04.
Vancouver Yılmaz C, Yıldırım H. Investigating the Effect of Digitalization in Financial Inclusion on the Financial Performance of Deposit Banks in Türkiye. Sosyoekonomi. 2024;32(61):47-69.
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