Adaptive Arc Detection Based Image Segmentation in Pantograph Catenary Systems

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 53 - 63, 26.12.2017

Mehmet Karaköse , Orhan Yaman , İlhan Aydın , Erhan Akın

Öz

In recent years, through the development of electric trains,
the rail system has become a popular mode of transport. This type of transport
is reliable and cost-effective compared to other modes of transport.
Furthermore, the rail transport is more preferred with the emergence of the
electric train.  In order to provide the
electrical energy used by electric trains, pantograph catenary system was
developed. Pantograph system, receives power from the catenary wire and
transmits to train. The catenary system, located along the railway line, it
transmits electricity from the substation to the pantograph system. During contact
with pantograph and catenary system many failures may occur. Early diagnosis of
failures are preventing larger defect. 
In this study, a new image processing based method for arc detection in
pantograph catenary system, which is a part of the rail system, is
proposed.  Real-time images of the
catenary pantograph is taken by cameras placed on the roof of two different
locomotives. The image segmentation is used to identify the differences that
occur in images taken. Also, the Sobel edge extraction algorithm is used for
detecting contact of a pantograph. The arcing at the contacts of the pantograph
is determined by combining properties obtained. The proposed method has been
carried out both in the FPGA environment MATLAB and the results were compared.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Pantograph Catenary Systems, Image Processing, FPGA, Condition Monitoring, Fault Diagnosis

Pantograf Katener Sistemlerde Görüntü Segmantasyon Tabanlı Adaptif Ark Tespiti

Öz

Son yıllarda elektrikli trenlerin gelişmesiyle birlikte raylı
sistemler popüler bir ulaşım türü haline gelmiştir. Bu ulaşım türü diğer ulaşım
türlerine göre düşük maliyetli ve güvenilirdir. Ayrıca elektrikli trenlerin
ortaya çıkmasıyla birlikte demiryolu ulaşımı daha çok tercih edilmiştir.
Elektrikli trenlerin kullandığı elektrik enerjisinin temin edilmesi için
pantograf katener sistemleri geliştirilmiştir. Pantograf sistemi, trenin üzerinde
bulunan katener telinden aldığı elektriği trene ileten sistemdir. Katener
sistemi ise, demiryolu hattı boyunca bulunur ve trafo merkezinden alınan
elektriği pantograf sistemine iletmektedir. Pantograf ve katener sistemlerinin
birbiri ile teması sırasında çeşitli arızalar ortaya çıkmaktadır. Oluşan
arızaların erken teşhis edilmesi daha büyük arızaların oluşmasını
engellemektedir. Bu çalışmada, raylı sistemlerin bir parçası olan pantograf
katener sistemlerde ark tespiti için görüntü işleme tabanlı yeni bir yöntem
önerilmektedir. İki farklı lokomotifin çatısına kamera yerleştirilerek
pantograf katener sisteminin gerçek zamanlı görüntüsü alınmıştır. Alınan
görüntülerde oluşan arkların tespiti için görüntü segmantasyonu kullanılmıştır.
Ayrıca pantograf temas bölgesinin tespit edilmesi için Sobel kenar çıkarım
algoritması kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen özellikler bileştirilerek pantograf
temas bölgesinde oluşan arkların tespiti yapılmaktadır. Önerilen yöntem hem
MATLAB hem de FPGA ortamında gerçekleştirilmiştir ve sonuçları
karşılaştırılmıştır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Pantograf Katener Sistemler, Görüntü İşleme, FPGA, Durum İzleme, Arıza Teşhisi

Kaynakça

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