Araştırma Makalesi
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A NEW NATURE-BASED TOURISM: FOREST BATH (SHINRIN-YOKU) AND A ROUTE PROPOSAL

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 553 - 565, 31.10.2022

Banu Karaşah

https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.1170096
Cited By: 1

Öz

Interest in nature-based tourism is increasing day by day. Forests are areas where this type of tourism can realize in, a source of both mental and physical healing. In this study, it is aimed to determine the activities for forest bathing, which can be a new nature-based tourism type, and to suggest a route by choosing the Kafkasör Urban Forest study area. In addition, in questionnaire the emotional states of individuals participating in various activities in the Kafkasör Urban Forest were measured using the Positive and Negative Effect Schedule. In the study, it was determined that walking, contact with water and plants, eating and drinking, watching the scenery, meditation and sitting-relaxing activities are suitable activities for forest bathing. A route was created by determining the areas where these activities can be carried out. According to obtained data from questionnaire, it was determined that the participants had a decrease in their negative mood and an increase in their positive mood after participating in the activities in the Kafkasör Urban Forest. Some suggestions were proposed regarding the workshops that can be carried out within the scope of forest bathing in the urban forest and what should be done for forest bathing, which is a new concept for our country. It is thought that this type of tourism will be developed in the Black Sea region and will provide brand value.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Forest bathing Shinrin-yoku Positive and Negative Affect Schedule Kafkasör urban forest Artvin.

Kaynakça

  • Akers, A., Barton, J., Cossey, R., Gainsford, P., Griffin, M., & Micklewright, D. (2012). Visual color perception in green exercise: Positive effects of mood on perceived exertion. Environmentfal Science and Technology, 46(16), 8661–8666.
  • Benfield, J., Ta, B. D., Weinzimmer, D., & Newman, P. (2018). Motorized recreation sounds influence nature scene evaluations: The role of attitude moderators. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 495.
  • Bielinis, E., Takayama, N., Boiko, S., Omelan, A., & Bielinis, L., (2018). The effect of winter forest bathing on psychological relaxation of young Polish adults. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 29, 276–283.
  • Cheng, X., Liu, J., Liu, H., & Lu, S. (2021). A systematic review of evidence of additional health benefits from forest exposure. Landscape and Urban Planning, 212, 104123.
  • Clarke, T., & Costall, A. (2008). The emotional connotations of color: A qualitative investigation. Color Research and Application, 33(5), 406–410.
  • Djernis, D., Lerstrup, I., Poulsen, D., Stigsdotter, U., Dahlgaard, J., & O’Toole, M. (2019). A Systematic review and meta-analysis of nature-based mindfulness: effects of moving mindfulness training into an outdoor natural setting. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16, 3202.
  • Farkic, J., Isailovic, G., & Taylor, S. (2021). Forest bathing as a mindful tourism practice. Annals of Tourism Research Empirical Insights, 2, 100028.
  • Hoshi, Y., Huang, J., Kohri, S., Iguchi, Y., Naya, M., Okamoto, T., & Ono, S. (2011). Recognition of human emotions from cerebral blood flow changes in the frontal region: A study with event-related near-infrared spectroscopy. Journal of Neuroimaging, 21(2), 94–101.
  • Kang, B., Kim, T., Kim, M.J., Lee, K.H., Choi, S., Lee, D.H., Kim, H.R., Jun, B., Park, S.Y., Lee, S.J., Park, S-B. (2015). Relief of chronic posterior neck pain depending on the type of forest therapy: comparison of the therapeutic effect of forest bathing alone versus forest bathing with exercise. Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine, 39(6), 957–63.
  • Kaplan, R., & Kaplan, S. (1989). The experience of nature: A psychological perspective. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kaplan, S. (1995). The restorative benefits of nature. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 15(3), 169–182.
  • Karaşah, B. (2020). Kentsel yeşil altyapıların önemli bir bileşeni olan kent ormanlarının sağladığı ekosistem servisleri “Kafkasör Kent Ormanı örneği”. Anadolu Çevre ve Hayvanclılık Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(4), 668-675.
  • Kaya, N., & Epps, H. H. (2004). Relationship between color and emotion: A study of college students. College Student Journal, 38, 396–405.
  • Kotera, Y., Richardson, M., & Sheffield, D. (2022). Effects of shinrin-yoku (forest bathing) and nature therapy on mental health: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 20, 337–361.
  • Lee, J., Park, B.J., Tsunetsugu, Y., Kagawa, T., & Miyazaki, Y. (2009). Restorative effectsof viewing real forest landscapes, based on a comparison with urbanlandscapes. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 24, 227–234.
  • Lee, J., Park, B.J., Tsunetsugu, Y., Ohira, T., Kagawa, T., & Miyazaki, Y. (2011). Effect offorest bathing on physiological and psychological responses in young Japanesemale subjects. Public Health, 125, 93–100.
  • Lee, J., Tsunetsugu, Y., Takayama, N., Park, B.J., Li, Q., Song, C., Komatsu, M., Ikei, H., Tyrväinen, L., Kagawa, T., & Miyazaki, Y. (2014). Influence of forest therapy oncardiovascular relaxation in young adults. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2014, 834360.
  • Lee, I., Choi, H., Bang, K.-S., Kim, S., Song, M., & Lee, B. (2017). Effects of forest therapy on depressive symptoms among adults: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(3), 321.
  • Mao G-X, Cao Y-B, Lan X-G, Hua, Z., Chen, Z-M., Wang, Y-Z., Hu, X-L., Lv, Y-D., Wang, G-F., Yan, J. (2012). Therapeutic effect of forest bathing on human hypertension in the elderly. Journal of Cardiology, 60(6):495–502.
  • Mehta, R., & Zhu, R. J. (2009). Blue or red? Exploring the effect of color on cognitive task performance. Science, 323, 1226–1229.
  • Miyazaki, Y. (2018). Shinrin-yoku: The Japanese way of forest bathing for health and relaxation. US: Aster. Morita, E., Fukuda, S., Nagano, J., Hamajima, N., Yamamoto, H., Iwai, Y., Nakashima, T., Ohira, H., & Shirakawa, T. (2007). Psychological effects of forest environments on healthy adults: Shinrin-yoku (forest-air bathing, walking) as a possible method of stress reduction. Public Health, 121 (1), 54–63.
  • Nakau, M., Imanishi, J., Imanishi, J., Watanabe, S., Imanishi, A., Baba, T., Hirai, K., Ito, T., Chiba, W., & Morimoto, Y. (2013). Spiritual care of cancer patients by integrated medicine in urban green space: A pilot study. EXPLORE, 9(2):87–90.
  • Ochiai, H., Ikei, H., Song, C., Kobayashi, M., Takamatsu, A., Miura, T., Kagawa, T., Li, Q., Kumeda, S., Imai, M., & Miyazaki, Y. (2015). Physiological and psychological effects of forest therapy on middle-aged males with high-normal blood pressure. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(3), 2532–2542.
  • OGM (Orman Genel Müdürlüğü), (2021). 2020 Türkiye Orman Varlığı. Ankara: OGM Ofset.
  • Oh, B., Lee, K.L., Zaslawski, C., Yeung, A., Rosenthal, D., Larkey, L., & Back, M. (2017). Health and well-being benefits of spending time in forests: Systematic review. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 22, 71.
  • Ohtsuka, Y., Yabunaka, N., & Takayama, S. (1998). Shinrin-yoku (forest-air bathing and walking) effectively decreases blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. International Journal of Biometeorology, 41(3), 125–7.
  • Park, B.J., Tsunetsugu, Y., Kasetani, T., Hirano, H., Kagawa, T., Sato, M., & Miyazaki, Y. (2007). Physiological effects of Shinrin-Yoku (taking in the atmosphere of theforest)-using salivary cortisol and cerebral activity as indicators. Journal of Physiological Anthropology, 26, 123–128.
  • Park, B.J., Tsunetsugu, Y., Ishii, H., Furuhashi, S., Hirano, H., Kagawa, T., & Miyazaki, Y. (2008). Physiological effects of Shinrin-yoku (taking in the atmosphere of theforest) in a mixed forest in Shinano Town, Japan. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 23, 278–283.
  • Park, B.J., Tsunetsugu, Y., Kasetani, T., Morikawa, T., Kagawa, T., & Miyazaki, Y. (2009). Physiological effects of forest recreation in a young conifer forest in Hinokage Town, Japan. Silva Fennica, 43, 291–301.
  • Park, B.J., Tsunetsugu, Y., Kasetani, T., Kagawa, T., & Miyazaki, Y. (2010). The physiological effects of Shinrin-yoku (taking in the forest atmosphere or forestbathing): Evidence from field experiments in 24 forests across Japan. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 15, 18–26.
  • Park, B.-J., Tsunetsugu, Y., Lee, J., Kagawa, T., & Miyazaki, Y. (2012). Effect of the forest environment on physiological relaxation—the results of field tests at 35 sites throughout Japan. In Q. Li (Ed.), Forest Medicine (pp. 55–65). New York: Nova Science Publishers.
  • Pasieka, J.L. (2022). Shinrin-yoku, yoga and other strategies in the fight against COVID-19. Surgery, 171, 94-95.
  • Pijanowski, B.C., Villanueva-Rivera, L.J., Dumyahn, S.L., Farina, A., Krause, B.L., Napoletano, B.M., & Pieretti, N. (2011). Soundscape ecology: The science of sound in the landscape. BioScience, 61, 203–216.
  • Poulsen, D.V., Stigsdotter, U.K., Djernis, D., & Sidenius, U. (2016). Everything just seems much more right in nature: How veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder experience nature-based activities in a forest therapy garden. Health Psychology Open, 3(1), 1–14.
  • Pritchard, A., Richardson, M., Sheffield, D., & McEwan, K. (2019). The relationship between nature connectedness and Eudaimonic well-being: a meta-analysis. Journal of Happiness Studies, 21, 1–23.
  • Rajooa, K.S., Karamb, D.S., & Abdullah, M.Z., (2020). The physiological and psychosocial effects of forest therapy: A systematic review. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 54, 126744.
  • Ramanan, S.S. (2019). Qing Li: Forest bathing–how trees can help you find health and happiness. Agriculture and Human Values, 36(2), 367–368.
  • Rosa, C.D., Larson, L.R., Collado, S., & Profice, C.C. (2021). Forest therapy can prevent and treat depression: Evidence from meta-analyses. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 57, 126943.
  • Selhub, E.M., & Logan, A.C. (2012). Your brain on nature: The science of nature’s influence on your health, happiness and vitality. New York: Wiley.
  • Shin, W.S. (2007). The influence of forest view through a window on job satisfaction and job stress. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 22(3), 248–253.
  • Shin,W. S., Shin, C.S., & Yeoun, P.S. (2012). The influence of forest therapy camp on depression in alcoholics. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 17(1), 73–76.
  • Song, C., Ikei, H., Kobayashi, M., Miura, T., Li, Q., Kagawa, T., Kumeda, S., Imai, M., & Miyazaki, Y. (2017). Effects of viewing forest landscape on middle-aged hypertensive men. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 21, 247–252.
  • Takayama, N., Korpela, K., Lee, J., Morikawa, T., Tsunetsugu, Y., Park, B-J., Li, Q., Tyrväinen, L., Miyazaki, Y., & Takahide Kagawa, T. (2014). Emotional, restorative and vitalizing effects of forest and urban environments at four sites in Japan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 11, 7207-7230.
  • Tsunetsugu, Y., Park, B.J., Ishii, H., Hirano, H., Kagawa, T., & Miyazaki, Y. (2007). Physiological effects of Shinrin-Yoku (taking in the atmosphere of the forest) in an oldgrowth broadleaf forest in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. Journal of Physiological Anthropology, 26, 135–142.
  • Tsunetsugu, Y., Lee, J., Park, B.J., Tyrväinen, L., Kagawa, T., & Miyazaki, Y. (2013). Physiological and psychological effects of viewing urban forest landscapes assessed by multiple measurement. Landscape and Urban Planning, 113, 90–93.
  • Ulrich, R.S. (1983). Aesthetic and affective response to natural environment. In Altman, I., Wohlwill, J.F. (Eds.), Behavior and the Natural Environment (pp.85-125) Human Behavior and Environment, vol 6. Boston: Springer.
  • Wen, Y., Yan, Q., Pan, Y., Gu, X., & Liu, Y. (2019). Medical empirical research on forest bathing (Shinrin-yoku): a systematic review. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 24, 70.
  • Yu, C.-P. (Simon), & Hsieh, H. (2020). Beyond restorative benefits: evaluating the effect of forest therapy on creativity. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 51, 126670.
  • Zhao, Y. B., Sun, Q., Chen, G., & Yang, J. J. (2018). Hearing emotional sounds: Category representation in the human amygdala. Social Neuroscience, 13, 117–128

YENİ BİR DOĞA-TEMELLİ TURİZM: ORMAN BANYOSU (SHİNRİN-YOKU) VE BİR ROTA ÖNERİSİ

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 553 - 565, 31.10.2022

Banu Karaşah

https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.1170096
Cited By: 1

Öz

Doğa-temelli turizme olan ilgi her geçen gün artmaktadır. Ormanlar, bu turizm çeşidinin gerçekleştirebildiği hem mental hem de fiziksel şifa kaynağı olan alanlardır. Bu çalışmada, Kafkasör Kent Ormanı çalışma alanı seçilerek, yeni bir doğa-temelli turizm çeşidi olabilecek orman banyosu için aktivitelerin belirlenmesi ve rota önerisinde bulunulması amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca çalışmada anket çalışmasında Kafkasör Kent Ormanında çeşitli aktivitelere katılan bireylerin duygu durumları Pozitif ve Negatif Etki Çizelgesi kullanılarak ölçülmüştür. Çalışmada, yürüyüş, suyla ve bitkilerle temas, yeme-içme, manzara seyri, meditasyon ve oturma-dinlenme etkinliklerinin orman banyosu için uygun etkinlikler olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu etkinliklerin gerçekleştirilebileceği alanlar belirlenerek bir rota oluşturulmuştur. Anket çalışmasından elde edilen bulgularda katılımcıların Kafkasör Kent Ormanında aktivitelere katıldıktan sonra negatif duygu durumlarında azalma ve pozitif duygu durumlarında ise artma olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kent ormanında orman banyosu kapsamında gerçekleştirilebilecek olan atölye çalışmalarına ve ülkemiz için yeni bir kavram olan orman banyosu için yapılması gerekenlere yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur. Bu turizm çeşidinin Karadeniz bölgesinde geliştirilerek marka değeri sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Orman banyosu Shinrin-yoku Pozitif ve Negatif Etki Çizelgesi Kafkasör Kent Ormanı Artvin

Kaynakça

  • Akers, A., Barton, J., Cossey, R., Gainsford, P., Griffin, M., & Micklewright, D. (2012). Visual color perception in green exercise: Positive effects of mood on perceived exertion. Environmentfal Science and Technology, 46(16), 8661–8666.
  • Benfield, J., Ta, B. D., Weinzimmer, D., & Newman, P. (2018). Motorized recreation sounds influence nature scene evaluations: The role of attitude moderators. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 495.
  • Bielinis, E., Takayama, N., Boiko, S., Omelan, A., & Bielinis, L., (2018). The effect of winter forest bathing on psychological relaxation of young Polish adults. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 29, 276–283.
  • Cheng, X., Liu, J., Liu, H., & Lu, S. (2021). A systematic review of evidence of additional health benefits from forest exposure. Landscape and Urban Planning, 212, 104123.
  • Clarke, T., & Costall, A. (2008). The emotional connotations of color: A qualitative investigation. Color Research and Application, 33(5), 406–410.
  • Djernis, D., Lerstrup, I., Poulsen, D., Stigsdotter, U., Dahlgaard, J., & O’Toole, M. (2019). A Systematic review and meta-analysis of nature-based mindfulness: effects of moving mindfulness training into an outdoor natural setting. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16, 3202.
  • Farkic, J., Isailovic, G., & Taylor, S. (2021). Forest bathing as a mindful tourism practice. Annals of Tourism Research Empirical Insights, 2, 100028.
  • Hoshi, Y., Huang, J., Kohri, S., Iguchi, Y., Naya, M., Okamoto, T., & Ono, S. (2011). Recognition of human emotions from cerebral blood flow changes in the frontal region: A study with event-related near-infrared spectroscopy. Journal of Neuroimaging, 21(2), 94–101.
  • Kang, B., Kim, T., Kim, M.J., Lee, K.H., Choi, S., Lee, D.H., Kim, H.R., Jun, B., Park, S.Y., Lee, S.J., Park, S-B. (2015). Relief of chronic posterior neck pain depending on the type of forest therapy: comparison of the therapeutic effect of forest bathing alone versus forest bathing with exercise. Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine, 39(6), 957–63.
  • Kaplan, R., & Kaplan, S. (1989). The experience of nature: A psychological perspective. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kaplan, S. (1995). The restorative benefits of nature. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 15(3), 169–182.
  • Karaşah, B. (2020). Kentsel yeşil altyapıların önemli bir bileşeni olan kent ormanlarının sağladığı ekosistem servisleri “Kafkasör Kent Ormanı örneği”. Anadolu Çevre ve Hayvanclılık Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(4), 668-675.
  • Kaya, N., & Epps, H. H. (2004). Relationship between color and emotion: A study of college students. College Student Journal, 38, 396–405.
  • Kotera, Y., Richardson, M., & Sheffield, D. (2022). Effects of shinrin-yoku (forest bathing) and nature therapy on mental health: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 20, 337–361.
  • Lee, J., Park, B.J., Tsunetsugu, Y., Kagawa, T., & Miyazaki, Y. (2009). Restorative effectsof viewing real forest landscapes, based on a comparison with urbanlandscapes. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 24, 227–234.
  • Lee, J., Park, B.J., Tsunetsugu, Y., Ohira, T., Kagawa, T., & Miyazaki, Y. (2011). Effect offorest bathing on physiological and psychological responses in young Japanesemale subjects. Public Health, 125, 93–100.
  • Lee, J., Tsunetsugu, Y., Takayama, N., Park, B.J., Li, Q., Song, C., Komatsu, M., Ikei, H., Tyrväinen, L., Kagawa, T., & Miyazaki, Y. (2014). Influence of forest therapy oncardiovascular relaxation in young adults. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2014, 834360.
  • Lee, I., Choi, H., Bang, K.-S., Kim, S., Song, M., & Lee, B. (2017). Effects of forest therapy on depressive symptoms among adults: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(3), 321.
  • Mao G-X, Cao Y-B, Lan X-G, Hua, Z., Chen, Z-M., Wang, Y-Z., Hu, X-L., Lv, Y-D., Wang, G-F., Yan, J. (2012). Therapeutic effect of forest bathing on human hypertension in the elderly. Journal of Cardiology, 60(6):495–502.
  • Mehta, R., & Zhu, R. J. (2009). Blue or red? Exploring the effect of color on cognitive task performance. Science, 323, 1226–1229.
  • Miyazaki, Y. (2018). Shinrin-yoku: The Japanese way of forest bathing for health and relaxation. US: Aster. Morita, E., Fukuda, S., Nagano, J., Hamajima, N., Yamamoto, H., Iwai, Y., Nakashima, T., Ohira, H., & Shirakawa, T. (2007). Psychological effects of forest environments on healthy adults: Shinrin-yoku (forest-air bathing, walking) as a possible method of stress reduction. Public Health, 121 (1), 54–63.
  • Nakau, M., Imanishi, J., Imanishi, J., Watanabe, S., Imanishi, A., Baba, T., Hirai, K., Ito, T., Chiba, W., & Morimoto, Y. (2013). Spiritual care of cancer patients by integrated medicine in urban green space: A pilot study. EXPLORE, 9(2):87–90.
  • Ochiai, H., Ikei, H., Song, C., Kobayashi, M., Takamatsu, A., Miura, T., Kagawa, T., Li, Q., Kumeda, S., Imai, M., & Miyazaki, Y. (2015). Physiological and psychological effects of forest therapy on middle-aged males with high-normal blood pressure. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(3), 2532–2542.
  • OGM (Orman Genel Müdürlüğü), (2021). 2020 Türkiye Orman Varlığı. Ankara: OGM Ofset.
  • Oh, B., Lee, K.L., Zaslawski, C., Yeung, A., Rosenthal, D., Larkey, L., & Back, M. (2017). Health and well-being benefits of spending time in forests: Systematic review. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 22, 71.
  • Ohtsuka, Y., Yabunaka, N., & Takayama, S. (1998). Shinrin-yoku (forest-air bathing and walking) effectively decreases blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. International Journal of Biometeorology, 41(3), 125–7.
  • Park, B.J., Tsunetsugu, Y., Kasetani, T., Hirano, H., Kagawa, T., Sato, M., & Miyazaki, Y. (2007). Physiological effects of Shinrin-Yoku (taking in the atmosphere of theforest)-using salivary cortisol and cerebral activity as indicators. Journal of Physiological Anthropology, 26, 123–128.
  • Park, B.J., Tsunetsugu, Y., Ishii, H., Furuhashi, S., Hirano, H., Kagawa, T., & Miyazaki, Y. (2008). Physiological effects of Shinrin-yoku (taking in the atmosphere of theforest) in a mixed forest in Shinano Town, Japan. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 23, 278–283.
  • Park, B.J., Tsunetsugu, Y., Kasetani, T., Morikawa, T., Kagawa, T., & Miyazaki, Y. (2009). Physiological effects of forest recreation in a young conifer forest in Hinokage Town, Japan. Silva Fennica, 43, 291–301.
  • Park, B.J., Tsunetsugu, Y., Kasetani, T., Kagawa, T., & Miyazaki, Y. (2010). The physiological effects of Shinrin-yoku (taking in the forest atmosphere or forestbathing): Evidence from field experiments in 24 forests across Japan. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 15, 18–26.
  • Park, B.-J., Tsunetsugu, Y., Lee, J., Kagawa, T., & Miyazaki, Y. (2012). Effect of the forest environment on physiological relaxation—the results of field tests at 35 sites throughout Japan. In Q. Li (Ed.), Forest Medicine (pp. 55–65). New York: Nova Science Publishers.
  • Pasieka, J.L. (2022). Shinrin-yoku, yoga and other strategies in the fight against COVID-19. Surgery, 171, 94-95.
  • Pijanowski, B.C., Villanueva-Rivera, L.J., Dumyahn, S.L., Farina, A., Krause, B.L., Napoletano, B.M., & Pieretti, N. (2011). Soundscape ecology: The science of sound in the landscape. BioScience, 61, 203–216.
  • Poulsen, D.V., Stigsdotter, U.K., Djernis, D., & Sidenius, U. (2016). Everything just seems much more right in nature: How veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder experience nature-based activities in a forest therapy garden. Health Psychology Open, 3(1), 1–14.
  • Pritchard, A., Richardson, M., Sheffield, D., & McEwan, K. (2019). The relationship between nature connectedness and Eudaimonic well-being: a meta-analysis. Journal of Happiness Studies, 21, 1–23.
  • Rajooa, K.S., Karamb, D.S., & Abdullah, M.Z., (2020). The physiological and psychosocial effects of forest therapy: A systematic review. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 54, 126744.
  • Ramanan, S.S. (2019). Qing Li: Forest bathing–how trees can help you find health and happiness. Agriculture and Human Values, 36(2), 367–368.
  • Rosa, C.D., Larson, L.R., Collado, S., & Profice, C.C. (2021). Forest therapy can prevent and treat depression: Evidence from meta-analyses. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 57, 126943.
  • Selhub, E.M., & Logan, A.C. (2012). Your brain on nature: The science of nature’s influence on your health, happiness and vitality. New York: Wiley.
  • Shin, W.S. (2007). The influence of forest view through a window on job satisfaction and job stress. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 22(3), 248–253.
  • Shin,W. S., Shin, C.S., & Yeoun, P.S. (2012). The influence of forest therapy camp on depression in alcoholics. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 17(1), 73–76.
  • Song, C., Ikei, H., Kobayashi, M., Miura, T., Li, Q., Kagawa, T., Kumeda, S., Imai, M., & Miyazaki, Y. (2017). Effects of viewing forest landscape on middle-aged hypertensive men. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 21, 247–252.
  • Takayama, N., Korpela, K., Lee, J., Morikawa, T., Tsunetsugu, Y., Park, B-J., Li, Q., Tyrväinen, L., Miyazaki, Y., & Takahide Kagawa, T. (2014). Emotional, restorative and vitalizing effects of forest and urban environments at four sites in Japan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 11, 7207-7230.
  • Tsunetsugu, Y., Park, B.J., Ishii, H., Hirano, H., Kagawa, T., & Miyazaki, Y. (2007). Physiological effects of Shinrin-Yoku (taking in the atmosphere of the forest) in an oldgrowth broadleaf forest in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. Journal of Physiological Anthropology, 26, 135–142.
  • Tsunetsugu, Y., Lee, J., Park, B.J., Tyrväinen, L., Kagawa, T., & Miyazaki, Y. (2013). Physiological and psychological effects of viewing urban forest landscapes assessed by multiple measurement. Landscape and Urban Planning, 113, 90–93.
  • Ulrich, R.S. (1983). Aesthetic and affective response to natural environment. In Altman, I., Wohlwill, J.F. (Eds.), Behavior and the Natural Environment (pp.85-125) Human Behavior and Environment, vol 6. Boston: Springer.
  • Wen, Y., Yan, Q., Pan, Y., Gu, X., & Liu, Y. (2019). Medical empirical research on forest bathing (Shinrin-yoku): a systematic review. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 24, 70.
  • Yu, C.-P. (Simon), & Hsieh, H. (2020). Beyond restorative benefits: evaluating the effect of forest therapy on creativity. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 51, 126670.
  • Zhao, Y. B., Sun, Q., Chen, G., & Yang, J. J. (2018). Hearing emotional sounds: Category representation in the human amygdala. Social Neuroscience, 13, 117–128
Toplam 49 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mimarlık
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Banu Karaşah 0000-0001-5079-5313

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ekim 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Karaşah, B. (2022). YENİ BİR DOĞA-TEMELLİ TURİZM: ORMAN BANYOSU (SHİNRİN-YOKU) VE BİR ROTA ÖNERİSİ. Turkish Journal of Forest Science, 6(2), 553-565. https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.1170096
AMA Karaşah B. YENİ BİR DOĞA-TEMELLİ TURİZM: ORMAN BANYOSU (SHİNRİN-YOKU) VE BİR ROTA ÖNERİSİ. Turk J For Sci. Ekim 2022;6(2):553-565. doi:10.32328/turkjforsci.1170096
Chicago Karaşah, Banu. “YENİ BİR DOĞA-TEMELLİ TURİZM: ORMAN BANYOSU (SHİNRİN-YOKU) VE BİR ROTA ÖNERİSİ”. Turkish Journal of Forest Science 6, sy. 2 (Ekim 2022): 553-65. https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.1170096.
EndNote Karaşah B (01 Ekim 2022) YENİ BİR DOĞA-TEMELLİ TURİZM: ORMAN BANYOSU (SHİNRİN-YOKU) VE BİR ROTA ÖNERİSİ. Turkish Journal of Forest Science 6 2 553–565.
IEEE B. Karaşah, “YENİ BİR DOĞA-TEMELLİ TURİZM: ORMAN BANYOSU (SHİNRİN-YOKU) VE BİR ROTA ÖNERİSİ”, Turk J For Sci, c. 6, sy. 2, ss. 553–565, 2022, doi: 10.32328/turkjforsci.1170096.
ISNAD Karaşah, Banu. “YENİ BİR DOĞA-TEMELLİ TURİZM: ORMAN BANYOSU (SHİNRİN-YOKU) VE BİR ROTA ÖNERİSİ”. Turkish Journal of Forest Science 6/2 (Ekim 2022), 553-565. https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.1170096.
JAMA Karaşah B. YENİ BİR DOĞA-TEMELLİ TURİZM: ORMAN BANYOSU (SHİNRİN-YOKU) VE BİR ROTA ÖNERİSİ. Turk J For Sci. 2022;6:553–565.
MLA Karaşah, Banu. “YENİ BİR DOĞA-TEMELLİ TURİZM: ORMAN BANYOSU (SHİNRİN-YOKU) VE BİR ROTA ÖNERİSİ”. Turkish Journal of Forest Science, c. 6, sy. 2, 2022, ss. 553-65, doi:10.32328/turkjforsci.1170096.
Vancouver Karaşah B. YENİ BİR DOĞA-TEMELLİ TURİZM: ORMAN BANYOSU (SHİNRİN-YOKU) VE BİR ROTA ÖNERİSİ. Turk J For Sci. 2022;6(2):553-65.

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https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.1267698