ARI POLENİNİN BAZI FİZİKSEL, FONKSİYONEL VE KİMYASAL ÖZELLİKLERİ VE BİYOLOJİK ETKİLERİ

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 2, 280 - 295, 19.11.2023

Sude Eşerler , Sevilay Vardarlı , Güliye Savaş , Ceren Mutlu

https://doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.1319365

Cited By: 1

Öz

Bal arıları çiçekli bitkilerden topladıkları polenleri ağız salgıları ve bitki nektarları ile karıştırarak arı poleni üretmektedir. Arı polenleri gelişiminin ilk dönemlerinde olan arı larvalarının beslenmesi amacıyla kullanılırken aynı zamanda arıcılar tarafından kovan girişlerine yerleştirilen polen tuzakları ile toplanıp işlenerek insanlar tarafından da tüketilmektedir. Bileşiminde su, karbonhidratlar, proteinler, aminoasitler, lipitler, yağ asitleri, karotenoidler, fenolik bileşikler, enzimler, vitaminler ve mineraller bulunan arı poleninin sağlık açısından antimikrobiyal, antioksidan, antikanser ve antiinflamatuar özellikler gibi birçok olumlu etkisinin bulunduğu belirtilmiştir. Zengin besinsel özellikleri ve sağlık etkileri nedenleriyle doğrudan tüketilebilen arı poleni bunların yanı sıra çözünürlük, su ve yağ tutma kapasitesi ve emülsifikasyon gibi gıda teknolojisi açısından önemli fonksiyonel özellikleri nedeniyle de farklı gıdalara bileşim unsuru olarak ilave edilmektedir. Bununla birlikte giderek artan sağlıklı beslenme bilinci ve alternatif doğal ürünler arayışına olan eğilim diğer arıcılık ürünlerine olduğu gibi arı polenine olan ilgiyi de artırmaktadır. Buradan hareketle ilgili çalışma arı poleninin bazı fiziksel, fonksiyonel ve kimyasal özellikleri ile metabolizma üzerindeki biyolojik etkileri ve gıdalarda kullanım imkanları hakkındaki bilgilerin derlenmesi amaçlanarak gerçekleştirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Arı poleni, Fenolik, Karotenoid, Antioksidan, Anti-inflamatuvar

Some Physical, Functional and Chemical Properties and Biological Effects of Bee Pollen

Öz

Honeybees gather pollen grains from flowering plants and mix them with their own secretions and some nectar to form bee pollen pellets. Bee pollen is used for the nutrition of bee larvae in the early stages of their development. Besides, bee pollen is also consumed by humans after being collected by pollen traps placed at the hive entrance and processed by beekeepers. Bee pollen contains soluble sugars, proteins, carotenoids, phenolic compounds, vitamins, and minerals and has been reported to have several positive health effects such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activity. Bee pollen is added as an additive to various foods due to its nutritional value, positive effects on health, and functional properties such as solubility, water and fat retention capacity, and emulsification. Furthermore, the increasing awareness of healthy nutrition and the tendency to seek alternative natural products increase the interest in bee pollen as well as other beekeeping products. From this point of view, this study was carried out to review the knowledge of some physical, chemical, and functional properties of bee pollen, along with its biological effects and potential use in foods.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bee pollen, Phenolic, Carotenoid, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory

Kaynakça

• Aabed K, Bhat RS, Al-Dbass A, Moubayed N, Algahtani N, Merghani NM, Alanazi A, Zayed N, El-Ansary A. Bee pollen and propolis improve neuroinflammation and dysbiosis induced by propionic acid, a short chain fatty acid in a rodent model of autism. Lipids Health Dis, 2019;18(1):1-8
• Abdelnour SA, Abd El‐Hack ME, Alagawany M, Farag MR, Elnesr SS. Beneficial impacts of bee pollen in animal production, reproduction and health. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr, 2019;103(2):477-484
• Akpinar Bayizit A, Bekar E, Unal TT, Celik MA, Acoglu Celik B, Koc Alibasoglu E, Sahin Dilmenler P, Yolci Omeroglu P, Copur OU, Kamiloglu, S. Investigating the effect of harvest season on the bioaccessibility of bee pollen polyphenols by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Eur Food Res Tech, 2023;1-14
• Aldgini HM, Al-Abbadi AA, Abu-Nameh ES, Alghazeer RO. Determination of metals as bio indicators in some selected bee pollen samples from Jordan. Saudi J Biol Sci, 2019;26(7):1418-1422
• Aličić D, Šubarić D, Jašić M, Pašalić H, Ačkar Đ. Antioxidant properties of pollen. Hrana u Zdravlju i Bolesti: Znanstveno-Stručni Časopis za Nutricionizam i Dijetetiku, 2014;3(1):6-12
• Aljazy NAS, Abdulstar AR, Alrakabi JMF. Analytical study of phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of pollen (Typha domingensis Pers.) extracted from the papyrus plant and ıts use in cake enrichment. Al-Qadisiyah J Agric Sci, 2021;11(2):126-136
• Al-Kahtani SN, Taha EK, Khan KA, Ansari MJ, Farag SA, Shawer DM, Elnabawy ESM. Effect of harvest season on the nutritional value of bee pollen protein. PloS One, 2020;15(12):e0241393
• Alonazi M, Ben Bacha A, Al Suhaibani A, Almnaizel AT, Aloudah HS, El-Ansary A. Psychobiotics improve propionic acid-induced neuroinflammation in juvenile rats, rodent model of autism. Transl Neurosci, 2022;13(1):292-300
• Al-Osaimi M, El-Ansary A, Al-Daihan S, Bhat RS, Ben Bacha A. Therapeutic and protective potency of bee pollen against neurotoxic effects induced by prenatal exposure of rats to methyl mercury. J Mol Neurosci, 2018;65:327-335
• Anđelković B, Jevtić G, Mladenović M, Marković J, Petrović M, Nedić N. Quality of pollen and honey bee bread collected in spring. J Hyg Eng Des, 2012;1:275-277
• Anonim. Türk Standartları Enstitüsü TS 10255 Polen Standardı. ICS 65.140, 2006, Ankara
• Araújo JS, Chambó ED, Costa MAPDC, Cavalcante da Silva SMP, Lopes de Carvalho CA, Estevinho LM. Chemical composition and biological activities of mono- and heterofloral bee pollen of different geographical origins. Int J Mol Sci, 2017;18(5):921
• Ares AM, Valverde S, Bernal JL, Nozal MJ, Bernal J. Extraction and determination of bioactive compounds from bee pollen. J Pharm Biomed, 2018;147:110-124
• Arung ET, Ramadhan R, Khairunnisa B, Amen Y, Matsumoto M, Nagata M, Kusuma IW, Paramita S, Yadi S, Tandirogang N, Takemoto N, Kim Y, Shimizu K. Cytotoxicity effect of honey, bee pollen, and propolis from seven stingless bees in some cancer cell lines. Saudi J Biol Sci, 2021;28(12):7182-7189
• Asmae EG, Nawal EM, Bakour M, Lyoussi B. Moroccan monofloral bee pollen: botanical origin, physicochemical characterization, and antioxidant activities. J Food Qual, 2021;2021:8877266
• Avramenko NA, Low NH, Nickerson MT. The effects of limited enzymatic hydrolysis on the physicochemical and emulsifying properties of a lentil protein isolate. Food Res Int, 2013;51(1):162-169
• Aylanc V, Falcão SI, Ertosun S, Vilas-Boas M. From the hive to the table: Nutrition value, digestibility and bioavailability of the dietary phytochemicals present in the bee pollen and bee bread. Trends Food Sci Technol, 2021;109:464-481
• Aylanc V, Ertosun S, Russo‐Almeida P, Falcão SI, Vilas‐Boas M. Performance of green and conventional techniques for the optimal extraction of bioactive compounds in bee pollen. Int J Food Sci Technol, 2022;57(6):3490-3502
• Aylanc V, Larbi S, Calhelha R, Barros L, Rezouga F, Rodríguez-Flores MS, Seijo MC, El Ghouizi A, Lyoussi B, Falcão SI, Vilas-Boas M. Evaluation of antioxidant and anticancer activity of mono-and polyfloral
• Moroccan bee pollen by characterizing phenolic and volatile compounds. Molecules, 2023;28(2):835
• Aylanc V, Falcão SI, Vilas-Boas M. Bee pollen and bee bread nutritional potential: Chemical composition and macronutrient digestibility under in vitro gastrointestinal system. Food Chem, 2023;413:135597
• Aylanc V, Tomás A, Russo-Almeida P, Falcão SI, Vilas-Boas M. Assessment of bioactive compounds under simulated gastrointestinal digestion of bee pollen and bee bread: Bioaccessibility and antioxidant activity. Antioxidants, 2021;10(5):651
• Barene I, Daberte I, Siksna S. Investigation of bee bread and development of its dosage forms. Medkinos Teorija ir Praktika, 2015;21:16-22
• Bay V, Topal E, Çakıcı N, Yıldızdal İ. Palynological analyses, chemical and mineral composition of some honeybee pollen pellets. U Arı D - U Bee J, 2021;21(2):187-197
• Belina-Aldemita MD, Opper C, Schreiner M, D'Amico S. Nutritional composition of pot-pollen produced by stingless bees (Tetragonula biroi Friese) from the Philippines. J Food Compost Anal, 2019;82:103215
• Bleha R, Shevtsova TV, Živčáková M, Korbářová A, Ježková M, Saloň I, Brindza J, Synytsya A. Spectroscopic discrimination of bee pollen by composition, color, and botanical origin. Foods, 2021;10(8):1682
• Bleha R, Shevtsova T, Kruzik V, Brindza J, Sinica A. Morphology, physicochemical properties and antioxidant capacity of bee pollens. Czech J Food Sci, 2019;37(1):1-8
• Bogdanov S. Pollen: collection, harvest, compostion, quality. The Pollen Book, Bee Product Science, Chapter 1, 2016;1-16
• Bridi R, Atala E, Pizarro PN, Montenegro G. Honeybee pollen load: phenolic composition and antimicrobial activity and antioxidant capacity. J Nat Prod, 2019;82(3):559-565
• Brochard M, Correia P, Barroca MJ, Guiné RP. Development of a new pasta product by the incorporation of chestnut flour and bee pollen. Appl Sci, 2021;11(14):6617
• Campos MG, Anjos O, Chica M, Campoy P, Nozkova J, Almaraz-Abarca N,. Carreck NL. Standard methods for pollen research. J Apic Res, 2021;60(4):1-109
• Campos MG, Bogdanov S, de Almeida-Muradian LB, Szczesna T, Mancebo Y, Frigerio C, Ferreira F. Pollen composition and standardisation of analytical methods. J Apic Res, 2008;47(2):154-161
• Clarke D, Whitney H, Sutton G, Robert D. Detection and learning of floral electric fields by bumblebees. Science, 2013;340(6128):66-69
• Çakmak İ, Seven-Çakmak S. Beekeeping and recent colony losses in Turkey. U Arı D - U Bee J, 2016;16(1):31-48
• de Arruda VAS, Pereira AAS, de Freitas AS, Barth OM, de Almeida-Muradian LB. Dried bee pollen: B complex vitamins, physicochemical and botanical composition. J Food Compost Anal, 2013;29(2):100-105
• De-Melo AAM, Estevinho LM, Moreira MM, Delerue-Matos C, de Freitas ADS, Barth OM, de Almeida-Muradian LB. A multivariate approach based on physicochemical parameters and biological potential for the botanical and geographical discrimination of Brazilian bee pollen. Food Biosci, 2018;25:91-110
• Denisow B, Denisow‐Pietrzyk M. Biological and therapeutic properties of bee pollen: A review. J Sci Food Agric, 2016;96(13):4303-4309
• Didaras NA, Karatasou K, Dimitriou TG, Amoutzias GD, Mossialos D. Antimicrobial activity of bee-collected pollen and beebread: State of the art and future perspectives. Antibiotics, 2020;9(11):811
• Duan H, Dong Z, Li H, Li WR, Shi SX, Wang Q, Cao WG, Fang XM, Fang AD, Zhai KF. Quality evaluation of bee pollens by chromatographic fingerprint and simultaneous determination of its major bioactive components. Food Chem Toxicol, 2019;134:110831
• Dundar AN. Total phenolic and antioxidant bioaccessibilities of cookies enriched with bee pollen. J Food Process Preserv, 2022;46(6):e16085
• Ecem Bayram N. Vitamin, mineral, polyphenol, amino acid profile of bee pollen from Rhododendron ponticum (source of “mad honey”): nutritional and palynological approach. J Food Meas Charact, 2021;15(3):2659-2666
• Erdoğan A, Şeker ME, Kahraman SD. Evaluation of environmental and nutritional aspects of bee pollen samples collected from East Black Sea region, Turkey, via elemental analysis by ICP-MS. Biol Trace Elem Res, 2023;201(3):1488-1502
• Farag SA, El‐Rayes TK. Effect of bee‐pollen supplementation on performance, carcass traits and blood parameters of broiler chickens. Asian J Anim Vet Adv, 2016;11:168-177
• Fernández-García E, Carvajal-Lérida I, Jarén-Galán M, Garrido-Fernández J, Pérez-Gálvez A, Hornero-Méndez D. Carotenoids bioavailability from foods: From plant pigments to efficient biological activities. Food Res Int, 2012;46(2):438-450
• Gardana C, Del Bo C, Quicazán MC, Corrrea AR, Simonetti P. Nutrients, phytochemicals and botanical origin of commercial bee pollen from different geographical areas. J Food Compost Anal, 2018;73:29-38
• Gercek YC, Celik S, Bayram S. Screening of plant pollen sources, polyphenolic compounds, fatty acids and antioxidant/antimicrobial activity from bee pollen. Molecules, 2022;27(1):117
• Giampieri F, Quiles JL, Cianciosi D, Forbes-Hernández TY, Orantes-Bermejo FJ, Alvarez-Suarez JM, Battino M. Bee products: An emblematic example of underutilized sources of bioactive compounds. J Agric Food Chem, 2022;70(23):6833-6848
• Graikou K, Kapeta S, Aligiannis N, Sotiroudis G, Chondrogianni N, Gonos E, Chinou I. Chemical analysis of Greek pollen-Antioxidant, antimicrobial and proteasome activation properties. Chem Cent J, 2011;5:1-9
• Isik A, Ozdemir M, Doymaz I. Effect of hot air drying on quality characteristics and physicochemical properties of bee pollen. Food Sci Technol, 2018;39:224-231
• Isik A, Ozdemir M, Doymaz I. Infrared drying of bee pollen: effects and impacts on food components. Czech J Food Sci, 2019;37(1):69-74
• Karkar B, Şahin S, Güneş ME. Evaluation of antioxidant properties and determination of phenolic and carotenoid profiles of chestnut bee pollen collected from Turkey. J Apic Res, 2021;60(5):765-774
• Kieliszek M, Piwowarek K, Kot AM, Błażejak S, Chlebowska-Śmigiel A, Wolska I. Pollen and bee bread as new health-oriented products: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol, 2018;71:170-180
• Kizilpinar-Temizer I, Guder A, Candan ED, Yolcu U. Antioxidant properties, element contents and antimicrobial activities of bee pollen collected by Apis mellifera L. in Türkiye. Span J Agric Res, 2022;20(4):e0506-e0506
• Komosinska-Vassev K, Olczyk P, Kasperczyk J, Pilawa B, Krzyminiewski R, Dobosz B, Ramos P, Stojko J, Stojko M, Ivanova D, Olczyk K. EPR spectroscopic examination of different types of paramagnetic centers in the blood in the course of burn healing. Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2019,7506274
• Komosinska-Vassev K, Olczyk P, Kaźmierczak J, Mencner L, Olczyk K. Bee pollen: chemical composition and therapeutic application. Evid-Based Compl Alt, 2015,297425
• Kostić AŽ, Barać MB, Stanojević SP, Milojković-Opsenica DM, Tešić ŽL, Šikoparija B, Radišić P, Prentović M, Pešić MB. Physicochemical composition and techno-functional properties of bee pollen collected in Serbia. LWT-Food Sci Technol, 2015;62(1):301-309
• Kurek-Górecka A, Górecki M, Rzepecka-Stojko A, Balwierz R, Stojko J. Bee products in dermatology and skin care. Molecules, 2020;25(3):556
• Li F, Guo S, Zhang S, Peng S, Cao W, Ho CT, Bai N. Bioactive constituents of F. esculentum bee pollen and quantitative analysis of samples collected from seven areas by HPLC. Molecules, 2019,24(15):2705
• Li QQ, Wang K, Marcucci MC, Sawaya ACHF, Hu L, Xue XF, Wu LM, Hu FL. Nutrient-rich bee pollen: A treasure trove of active natural metabolites. J Funct Foods, 2018;49:472-484
• Mayda N, Özkök A, Ecem Bayram N, Gerçek YC, Sorkun K. Bee bread and bee pollen of different plant sources: Determination of phenolic content, antioxidant activity, fatty acid and element profiles. J Food Meas Charact, 2020;14:1795-1809
• Mimouni A, Deeth HC, Whittaker AK, Gidley MJ, Bhandari BR. Rehydration of high-protein-containing dairy powder: Slow-and fast-dissolving components and storage effects. Dairy Sci Technol, 2010;90(2-3):335-344
• Mutlu C. Bee pollen usage as carrier material in the drying of honey and some properties of honey-bee pollen powders. Brit Food J, 2023;125(10:3734-3747
• Mutlu C, Erbas M. Turkish bee pollen: Composition, regional discrimination and polyphenol bioaccessibility. Food Biosci, 2023,102805
• Nguyen HC, Liang-Chih L, Ming-Cheng W, Tai-Pei L, Chiou-Ying Y, Meng-Yuan H. Chemical constituents, antioxidant, and anticancer activities of bee pollen from various floral sources in Taiwan.
• Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 2022;50(2):12644-12644
• Nisbet C, Tabatabaei P. Investigation of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of bee pollen collected from different geographical regions in Turkey. Kocatepe Vet J, 2021;14(3):359-365
• Novaković S, Djekic I, Pešić M, Kostić A, Milinčić D, Stanisavljević N, Radojević A, Tomasevic I. Bee pollen powder as a functional ingredient in frankfurters. Meat Sci, 2021;182:108621
• Parlakay O, Yılmaz H, Yaşar B, Seçer A, Bahadır B. Türkiye'de arıcılık faaliyetinin mevcut durumu ve trend analizi yöntemiyle geleceğe yönelik beklentiler. Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 2008;22(2):17-24
• Pascoal A, Rodrigues S, Teixeira A, Feás X, Estevinho LM. Biological activities of commercial bee pollens: Antimicrobial, antimutagenic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Food Chem Toxicol, 2014;63:233-239
• Rzepecka-Stojko A, Stojko J, Kurek-Górecka A, Górecki M, Kabała-Dzik A, Kubina R, Moździerz A, Buszman E. Polyphenols from bee pollen: structure, absorption, metabolism and biological activity. Molecules, 2015;20(12):21732-21749
• Saisavoey T, Sangtanoo P, Chanchao C, Reamtong O, Karnchanatat A. Identification of novel anti-inflammatory peptides from bee pollen (Apis mellifera) hydrolysate in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264. 7 macrophages. J Apic Res, 2021;60(2):280-289
• Salazar-González CY, Rodríguez-Pulido FJ, Stinco CM, Terrab A, Díaz-Moreno C, Fuenmayor C, Heredia FJ. Carotenoid profile determination of bee pollen by advanced digital image analysis. Comput Electron Agric, 2020;175: 105601
• Salazar-González CY, Stinco CM, Rodríguez-Pulido FJ, Díaz-Moreno C, Fuenmayor C, Heredia FJ, González-Miret ML. Characterization of carotenoid profile and α-tocopherol content in Andean bee pollen influenced by harvest time and particle size. LWT, 2022;170:114065
• Salazar-González C, Díaz-Moreno C. The nutritional and bioactive aptitude of bee pollen for a solid-state fermentation process. J Apic Res, 2016;55(2):161-175
• Saral Ö, Kilicarslan M, Şahin H, Yildiz O, Dincer B. Evaluation of antioxidant activity of bee products of different bee races in Turkey. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 2019;43(4):441-447
• Šarić A, Balog T, Soboćance S, Kušis B, Šverko V, Rusak G, Likić S, Bubalo D, Pinto B, Reali D, Marotti T. Antioxidant effects of flavonoid from Crotain Cystus incanus L. rich bee pollen. Food Chem Toxicol, 2009;47:547-554
• Schulte F, Mäder J, Kroh LW, Panne U, Kneipp J. Characterization of pollen carotenoids with in situ and high-performance thin-layer chromatography supported resonant Raman spectroscopy. Anal Chem, 2009;81(20):8426-8433
• Soares de Arruda VA, Vieria dos Santos A, Figueiredo Sampaio D, da Silva Araujo E, de Castro Peixoto AL, Estevinho LM, de Almeida-Muradian LB. Brazilian bee pollen: phenolic content, antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activity. J Apic Res, 2021;60(5):775-783
• Spulber R, Dogaroglu M, Babeanu N, Popa O. Physicochemical characteristics of fresh bee pollen from different botanical origins. Rom Biotechnol Lett, 2018;23:13357-13365
• Straumite E, Bartule M, Valdovska A, Kruma Z, Galoburda R. Physical and microbiological characteristics and antioxidant activity of honey bee pollen. Appl Sci, 2022;12(6):3039
• Szabat P, Poleszak J, Szabat M, Boreński G, Wójcik M, Milanowska J. Apitherapy-the medical use of bee products. J Phys Educ Sport, 2019;9(8):384-396
• Temizer İK, Çobanoğlu DN. Farklı botanik kaynaklı arı polenlerinin element analizi ile değerlendirilmesi. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 2022;9(4):1114-1122
• Thakur M, Nanda V. Exploring the physical, functional, thermal, and textural properties of bee pollen from different botanical origins of India. J Food Process Eng, 2020a;43(1):e12935
• Thakur M, Nanda V. Composition and functionality of bee pollen: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol, 2020b;98:82-106
• Tutun H, Kaya MM, Usluer MS, Kahraman HA. Bee pollen: Its antioxidant activity. U Arı D - U Bee J, 2021;21(1):119-131
• Wang J, Li S, Wang Q, Xin B, Wang H. Trophic effect of bee pollen on small intestine in broiler chickens. J Med Food, 2007;102:276-280
• Watanabe C, Miyata R, Wakayama S, Kumazawa S. New acylated flavonoid isolated from Thai bee pollen using molecular networking analysis and determination of its catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitory activity. Phytochem Lett, 2023;53:239-244
• Yang S, Wei K, Jia F, Zhao X, Cui G, Guo F, Zhu R. Characterization and biological activity of Taishan Pinus massoniana pollen polysaccharide in vitro. PloS One, 2015;10(3):e0115638
• Zhou CM, Yin SJ, Yu ZF, Feng YX, Wei K, Ma WM, Ge LJ, Yan ZG, Zhu RL. Preliminary characterization, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharides from Taishan Pinus massoniana pollen. Molecules, 2018;23:281
• Zuluaga C, Martínez A, Fernández J, López-Baldó J, Quiles A, Rodrigo D. Effect of high pressure processing on carotenoid and phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity, and microbial counts of bee-pollen paste and bee-pollen-based beverage. Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol, 2016;37:10-17