Mating Stage on Year-Round Rearing of Bumblebees (Bombus terrestris)

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 1, 112 - 116, 30.03.2018

Ayhan Gösterit , Fehmi Gürel

https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.309076

Öz

Year-round bumble bee rearing facilities as a pollination vector in the
production of many crops under greenhouse conditions are a strategic area of
agriculture that is increasingly prevalent all over the world. Year round
rearing of bumblebees under controlled conditions involves stages such as
colony initiation, queen and male rearing, selection, mating, and breaking of
diapause. Mating is one of the most
critical stages for sustainability of year-round rearing. In contrast to
honeybees, B. terrestris queens (♀) and males (♂) can be mated in
flight cages. While the males do not die after copulation and can remate, the
queens mate with only one male. Many factors such as age and body size,
volatile pheromones secreted from the labial glands, male / queen ratio in
mating cage, environmental conditions such as light intensity & frequency,
temperature, photoperiod and nest material have effects on mating success. Like
honeybees, the sex of bumblebees is determined by haplodiploidy in B. terrestris. Fertilized eggs laid by
mated queens develop into adult diploid males if they are homozygous at a
single sex locus. The production of diploid males increases dramatically with
inbreeding. For this reason, rearing the young queens in sufficient numbers and
mating them with unrelated males is also crucial for obtain quality colonies in
successive generation. In this study, definition of basic necessities for
mating stage on rearing stage of B.
terrestris under controlled conditions was aimed. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bumblebee, Bombus terrestris, Mass rearing, Mating stage, Mass rearing

Yıl Boyu Kitlesel Bombus Arısı (Bombus terrestris) Yetiştiriciliğinde Çiftleştirme Aşaması

Öz

Örtü altı
yetiştiriciliği yapılan birçok bitki türünde tozlayıcı vektör olarak kullanılan
bombus arılarının yetiştiriciliği, dünyada önemi giderek artan stratejik bir
tarımsal uğraşı haline gelmiştir. Bombus arılarının kontrollü koşullarda yıl
boyu yetiştiriciliği koloni oluşturma, ana ve erkek arı yetiştirme, seleksiyon,
çiftleştirme ve diyapoz dönemini kontrol etme gibi çeşitli aşamaları
içermektedir. Kitlesel yetiştiriciliğin sürdürülebilir olması için en kritik
aşamalardan birisi çiftleştirmedir. Bal arılarının aksine, Bombus terrestris ana (♀) ve erkekleri (♂) kapalı ortamlarda,
çiftleşme kafeslerinde çiftleşebilmektedir. Erkek arılar çiftleşme sonrası
tekrar çiftleşebilirken ana arılar sadece bir erkek arı ile çiftleşmektedir.
Yaş ve vücut büyüklüğü, çene bezlerinden salgılanan uçucu feromonlar, çiftleşme
kafesindeki erkek arı/ana arı oranı, ışık şiddeti ve frekansı, sıcaklık, nem,
fotoperiyot, yuva materyali gibi çevre faktörleri B. terrestris ana (♀) ve erkeklerinin (♂) çiftleşme başarısına etki
etmektedir. Bal arılarında olduğu gibi bombus arılarında da haplo diploid üreme
sistemi söz konusudur. Cinsiyet lokuslarında homozigotlaşma olması durumunda
ana arı tarafından yumurtlanan diploid yumurtalardan diploid erkek bireyler
gelişir. Akrabalı yetiştiricilik diploid erkek üretimini önemli ölçüde
arttırır. Bu nedenle, gelecek generasyonlarda kaliteli koloniler üretmek için
yeteli sayıdaki genç ana arının kendilerine akraba olmayan erkek arılar ile
çiftleştirilmesi önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, B.
terrestris arısının kitlesel yetiştiriciliğinde yer alan çiftleştirme
aşaması için temel gerekliliklerinin açıklanması amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bombus arısı, Bombus terrestris, Kitlesel üretim, Çiftleştirme, Kitlesel üretim

Kaynakça

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