COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATION OF THE USE OF STEROL COMPOSITION, ECN42 DIFFERENCE AND FTIR SPECTROSCOPY IN THE DETERMINATION OF VIRGIN OLIVE OIL ADULTERATION

Year 2023, Volume: 48 Issue: 3, 510 - 525, 16.06.2023

Ebru Karacan , Onur Özdikicierler , Fahri Yemişçioğlu

https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD23024

Abstract

Due to its high price and consumer demand, virgin olive oil is an essential product vulnerable to deception for unfair economic gain. In our research, sunflower, palm olein and cottonseed oil were used as adulterants in different amounts for the preparation of adulterated samples. Sterol composition, the difference in theoretical and actual equivalent carbon number 42 triglycerides (ΔECN42) value and FTIR spectra were used to classify the adulterated and virgin olive oil samples. Decision trees on Δ7-stigmastenol and campesterol allowed the detection of 10% and higher adulteration. ΔECN42 ad FTIR provided good detection of the adulterated samples, even for the mixed oils at 1% concentration. However, the detecting performance of the FTIR decreased as the virgin olive oil sample set expanded with different seasons and varieties. Correct multivariate approach and FTIR data selection significantly influence the performance of FTIR spectroscopy for detecting VOO adulteration.

Keywords

virgin olive oil, adulteration, fatty acid composition, sterol composition, ΔECN42, FTIR, LDA

Supporting Institution

Ege Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü ve TÜBİTAK

Project Number

22473 ve 120O872

Thanks

The authors thank the Ege University Office of Scientific Research Projects for funding this work under Project 22473. Also, the Geographically Indicated VOO samples used in this study were obtained via a previous scientific project (120O872) supported in the frame of the Short Term R&D Funding Program of The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TUBITAK).

NATÜREL ZEYTİNYAĞI TAĞŞİŞİNİN TESPİTİNDE STEROL KOMPOZİSYONU, ECN42 FARKI VE FTIR SPEKTROSKOPİSİNİN KULLANIMININ KARŞILAŞTIRMALI OLARAK İNCELENMESİ

Abstract

Natürel zeytinyağı, yüksek tüketici talebi ve fiyatı nedeniyle haksız ekonomik kazanç sağlamak için yapılan hileli uygulamalara açık bir üründür. Araştırmamızda ayçiçek yağı, palm olein ve pamuk yağı natürel zeytinyağına farklı oranlarda karıştırılmıştır. Hazırlanan karışım yağların natürel zeytinyağından ayrımının incelenmesi için örneklerin sterol kompozisyonu, ΔECN42 değeri ve FTIR spektrumları kullanılmış ve sonuçlar karşılaştırılmıştır. Mevzuatta belirtilen Δ7-stigmastenol ve kampesterol üzerindeki karar ağaçları, %10 ve daha yüksek tağşişin saptanmasını mümkün kılmıştır. ΔECN42 ve FTIR spektroskopisi ile %1 konsantrasyonda hazırlanan karışım yağlar bile, natürel zeytinyağı numunelerinden ayrılmıştır. Ancak, natürel zeytinyağı numune sayısı, farklı mevsimler ve çeşitlerle genişletildiğinde, FTIR spektroskopisi ile gerçekleştirilen ayrımın hassasiyeti azalmış ve özellikle düşük konsantrasyonlu karışım yağların ayrımı zorlaşmıştır. Doğru çok değişkenli yaklaşım ve FTIR veri seçimi, natürel zeytinyağı tağşişini saptamak için FTIR spektroskopisinin performansını önemli ölçüde etkilemektedir.

Keywords

natürel zeytinyağı, tağşiş, yağ asidi kompozisyonu, sterol kompozsiyonu, ΔECN42, FTIR, LDA

Project Number

22473 ve 120O872

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