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eodiversity and Significant Geosites of the Denizli Province (SW Türkiye)

Year 2025, Volume: 68 Issue: 4, 1 - 42

Mehmet Özkul , Arzu Gül , Barış Semiz , Tamer Koralay , Savaş Topal , Ali Gökgöz , Hüseyin Erten , Mete Hançer , Halil Kumsar , Hülya Özen

https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.1559108

Abstract

Denizli province, with a surface area of 12,134 km2 in southwestern Anatolia, Türkiye, has high geodiversity. The geodiversity of the province, which is spread over nineteen regions, is distributed from old to young within the Menderes Massif, Lycian Nappes, Oligocene molasse, Neogene continental deposits, Neogene volcanics and Quaternary formations. The gneisses and accompanying schists of the Menderes Massif located near the Buldan District are probably among the oldest rocks in both the region and Türkiye. The Late Triassic carbonate-evaporite nappe slice within the Lycian Nappes, emplaced during the Late Cretaceous-Eocene period, is a rare outcrop. Molasse successions filling NE-SW trending basins during the late Oligocene period, when nappe emplacements continued, are quite common in the province. In March 2024, the Oligocene molasse was designated among the First 100 Geological Heritage Sites of Türkiye.

The Neogene sedimentary fill of the Denizli Basin is unique and has different characteristics compared to other graben fills in Western Anatolia. One of these characteristics is that it contains Paratethyan mollusc fauna. The geodiversity elements of the Neogene to Quaternary period are closely related to basin fills, horst-graben structures, normal faults, extensional fractures and the extensional tectonics that gave rise to them. Particularly, canyons, caves, landslides, geothermal areas, hot springs, a wide variety of travertine formations, lakes and wetlands stand out in the geodiversity from the Quaternary. The most important lake is Acıgöl, which is a closed basin. Pamukkale Travertines, the most prominent geodiversity element in Denizli, were listed among the First 100 Geological Heritage Sites of the World by the International Union of Geological Sciences. ‘Denizli Travertine’, which also contains Homo erectus finds, was approved as a global heritage stone by the union in August 2024.

Keywords

Denizli geodiversity geological heritage geosite Pamukkale travertine

Supporting Institution

Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu-TÜBİTAK (YDABÇAG-198Y100 ve ÇAYDAG 106Y207) ve PAÜ BAP

Project Number

ÇAYDAG 106Y207, YDABÇAG-198Y100

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Denizli İlinin (GB Türkiye) Jeoçeşitliliği ve Önemli Jeositleri / Geodiversity and Significant Geosites of the Denizli Province (SW Türkiye)

Year 2025, Volume: 68 Issue: 4, 1 - 42

Mehmet Özkul , Arzu Gül , Barış Semiz , Tamer Koralay , Savaş Topal , Ali Gökgöz , Hüseyin Erten , Mete Hançer , Halil Kumsar , Hülya Özen

https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.1559108

Abstract

Güneybatı Anadolu’da 12.134 km2’lik yüzölçüme sahip Denizli ilinin jeoçeşitliliği oldukça fazladır. Ondokuz ilçeye yayılmış olan ilin jeoçeşitliliği, yaşlıdan gence doğru Menderes Masifi, Likya Napları, Oligosen molası, Neojen karasal istifleri, Neojen volkanitleri ve Kuvaterner oluşumları içinde dağılım gösterir. Buldan İlçesi çevresinde bulunan Menderes Masifi’nin gnaysları ve beraberindeki şistler muhtemelen hem bölgenin hem de Türkiye’nin en yaşlı kayaçları arasındadır. Yerleşimleri özellikle Geç Kretase-Eosen döneminde gerçekleşen Likya Napları içindeki Geç Triyas karbonat-evaporit dilimi ildeki ender yüzeylemelerden birisidir. Öte yandan nap yerleşimlerinin devam ettiği geç Oligosen döneminde KD-GB uzanımlı bir havzayı dolduran molas istifleri ilde oldukça yaygındır. Mart 2024’de Denizli Oligosen molası Türkiye’nin İlk 100 Jeositi arasında yerini almıştır.

Denizli Havzası’nın Neojen çökel dolgusu kendine özgüdür ve Batı Anadolu’daki diğer graben dolgularından farklı özellikler taşır. Bu farklı özelliklerden birisi paratetis mollusk faunası barındırmasıdır. Neojen-Kuvaterner dönemi jeoçeşitlilik unsurları, havza dolguları, horst-graben yapıları ve normal faylar, açılma çatlakları ve bunları ortaya çıkaran genişleme tektoniği ile yakından ilişkilidir. Özellikle Kuvaterner’de kanyonlar, mağaralar, heyelanlar, jeotermal alanlar, sıcak su kaynakları, çeşitli traverten oluşumları, göller ve sulak alanlar jeoçeşitlilikte öne çıkmaktadır. Göller arasında en önemlisi kapalı bir havza olan Acıgöl’dür. Denizli’nin jeoçeşitliliğinde en önde gelen Pamukkale Travertenleri IUGS tarafından Dünya’nın İlk 100 Jeolojik Miras Alanı arasında gösterilmiştir. Yine Homo erectus bulgusunu barındıran ‘Denizli Traverteni’ Uluslararası Jeoloji Bilimleri Birliği-IUGS tarafından Ağustos 2024’te küresel mirastaş olarak onaylanmıştır.

Keywords

Denizli jeoçeşitlilik jeolojik miras jeosit Pamukkale traverten

Ethical Statement

Etik beyan formu ayrı bir dosya olarak yüklenmiştir.

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK

Project Number

ÇAYDAG 106Y207, YDABÇAG-198Y100

Thanks

Denizli Travertenleri üzerindeki araştırmaların çoğu, Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu-TÜBİTAK ve PAÜ BAP’tan M. Özkul’a sağlanan desteklerle (Proje No. YDABÇAG-198Y100 ve ÇAYDAG 106Y207) mümkün olmuştur.

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There are 133 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects General Geology
Journal Section Makaleler - Articles
Authors

Mehmet Özkul 0000-0002-0949-4225

Arzu Gül 0000-0002-4998-1917

Barış Semiz 0000-0003-1263-4599

Tamer Koralay 0000-0002-8353-3501

Savaş Topal 0000-0001-7451-6606

Ali Gökgöz 0000-0002-5238-0207

Hüseyin Erten 0000-0002-0462-3710

Mete Hançer 0000-0002-9706-9359

Halil Kumsar 0000-0001-8051-2150

Hülya Özen

Project Number ÇAYDAG 106Y207, YDABÇAG-198Y100
Early Pub Date January 24, 2025
Publication Date
Submission Date October 1, 2024
Acceptance Date January 2, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 68 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Özkul, M., Gül, A., Semiz, B., Koralay, T., et al. (2025). Denizli İlinin (GB Türkiye) Jeoçeşitliliği ve Önemli Jeositleri / Geodiversity and Significant Geosites of the Denizli Province (SW Türkiye). Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni, 68(4), 1-42. https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.1559108
AMA Özkul M, Gül A, Semiz B, Koralay T, Topal S, Gökgöz A, Erten H, Hançer M, Kumsar H, Özen H. Denizli İlinin (GB Türkiye) Jeoçeşitliliği ve Önemli Jeositleri / Geodiversity and Significant Geosites of the Denizli Province (SW Türkiye). Geol. Bull. Turkey. January 2025;68(4):1-42. doi:10.25288/tjb.1559108
Chicago Özkul, Mehmet, Arzu Gül, Barış Semiz, Tamer Koralay, Savaş Topal, Ali Gökgöz, Hüseyin Erten, Mete Hançer, Halil Kumsar, and Hülya Özen. “Denizli İlinin (GB Türkiye) Jeoçeşitliliği Ve Önemli Jeositleri / Geodiversity and Significant Geosites of the Denizli Province (SW Türkiye)”. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni 68, no. 4 (January 2025): 1-42. https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.1559108.
EndNote Özkul M, Gül A, Semiz B, Koralay T, Topal S, Gökgöz A, Erten H, Hançer M, Kumsar H, Özen H (January 1, 2025) Denizli İlinin (GB Türkiye) Jeoçeşitliliği ve Önemli Jeositleri / Geodiversity and Significant Geosites of the Denizli Province (SW Türkiye). Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni 68 4 1–42.
IEEE M. Özkul, “Denizli İlinin (GB Türkiye) Jeoçeşitliliği ve Önemli Jeositleri / Geodiversity and Significant Geosites of the Denizli Province (SW Türkiye)”, Geol. Bull. Turkey, vol. 68, no. 4, pp. 1–42, 2025, doi: 10.25288/tjb.1559108.
ISNAD Özkul, Mehmet et al. “Denizli İlinin (GB Türkiye) Jeoçeşitliliği Ve Önemli Jeositleri / Geodiversity and Significant Geosites of the Denizli Province (SW Türkiye)”. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni 68/4 (January 2025), 1-42. https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.1559108.
JAMA Özkul M, Gül A, Semiz B, Koralay T, Topal S, Gökgöz A, Erten H, Hançer M, Kumsar H, Özen H. Denizli İlinin (GB Türkiye) Jeoçeşitliliği ve Önemli Jeositleri / Geodiversity and Significant Geosites of the Denizli Province (SW Türkiye). Geol. Bull. Turkey. 2025;68:1–42.
MLA Özkul, Mehmet et al. “Denizli İlinin (GB Türkiye) Jeoçeşitliliği Ve Önemli Jeositleri / Geodiversity and Significant Geosites of the Denizli Province (SW Türkiye)”. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni, vol. 68, no. 4, 2025, pp. 1-42, doi:10.25288/tjb.1559108.
Vancouver Özkul M, Gül A, Semiz B, Koralay T, Topal S, Gökgöz A, Erten H, Hançer M, Kumsar H, Özen H. Denizli İlinin (GB Türkiye) Jeoçeşitliliği ve Önemli Jeositleri / Geodiversity and Significant Geosites of the Denizli Province (SW Türkiye). Geol. Bull. Turkey. 2025;68(4):1-42.

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