Meyve ve Sebzelerin İşlenmesinde Ultrases Uygulamaları

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 33 Sayı: 2, 375 - 393, 02.12.2019

Azime Özkan Karabacak Canan Ece Tamer , Ömer Utku Çopur , Melisa Yagcıları

Öz

Isıl işlemler gıdaların işlenmesinde ve muhafazasında kullanılan en geleneksel ve yaygın yöntemlerdir. Bununla birlikte, bu uygulamalar yüksek sıcaklık ve uzun süre gerektirmesi bakımından gıdaların lezzet, tat, renk, tekstür besin değeri ve duyusal özelliklerinde değişikliklere neden olabilmektedir. Tüketicilerin taze ve doğal gıda ürünlerine olan talebi göz önüne alındığında, ısıl olmayan muhafaza teknikleri geniş ilgi görmektedir. Ultrases uygulamaları, ısıl işlemlerin olumsuz etkilerinden kaçınmanın ve gıdaların muhafazasının ilginç bir alternatif yoludur. Ultrases, insan işitme aralığının üst sınırına yakın, yüksek frekanslı ses dalgalarından oluşur. Son zamanlarda, ultrases uygulamaları ve gıda bileşenleri üzerindeki etkileri, gıda işleme ve muhafazasındaki gelecek vadeden etkileri nedeniyle araştırmalar arasında hayli ilgi çekmektedir. Ultrases uygulamalarının, gıda endüstrisine kurutma, enzim inaktivasyonu, filtrasyon, dondurma, ekstraksiyon, mikrobiyal inaktivasyon, emülsiyon üretimi gibi pek çok alanda önem arz ettiği anlaşılmaktadır. Bu derlemede ultrases sisteminin prensipleri açıklanmış ve ultrases uygulamalarının meyve ve sebze işlemedeki etkileri özetlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Isıl olmayan işlemler, meyve, sebze, ultrases

Ultrasound Applications in Fruit and Vegetable Processing

Öz

Thermal treatments are the most traditional and widespread methods used for food processing and preservation. However, these treatments in terms of time and high temperature can cause changes in flavour, taste, colour, texture, nutritional value and sensorial properties of foods. Considering consumer demand for fresh and natural food products, non-thermal food preservation techniques have been gained wide interest. An interesting alternative means of preserving of foods and avoiding the adverse effects of thermal treatments could be provided by the ultrasound applications. Ultrasound consists of sound waves with high frequencies which is near the upper limit of human hearing range. Nowadays, applications of ultrasound and its effects on food components have attracted considerable relevance among researches due to its promising effects in food processing and preservation. It has been realized that ultrasound applications have much offer to the food industry such as drying, microbial inactivation, enzyme inactivation, filtration, freezing, extraction, production of emulsions and etc. In this review, the principles of ultrasound system is explained and the effects of ultrasound applications in fruit and vegetables processing are outlined.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fruit, non-thermal processes, ultrasound, vegetable

Kaynakça

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