Araştırma Makalesi
Yıl 2020,
Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 76 - 82, 30.06.2020
Öz
Bitki çayları (tıbbi bitki çayları olarak da adlandırılmaktadır), sağlık üzerine olumlu etkilerinden dolayı her yaş grubu tarafından tüketilmektedir. Bu çalışmada tüketici seviyesinde ambalajlı ve/veya ambalajsız olarak satışa sunulan farklı bitki çaylarının (kekik, nane, rezene, adaçayı, ıhlamur, hatmi, sinameki, defne, civanperçemi ve anason) hijyenik kalitesinin belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Analiz edilen 120 örneğin %95, %90, %77.5, %74.16, %42.5, %14.17, %3.3 ve %2.5’inin sırasıyla toplam mezofilik aerobik bakteriler (TMAB), küf-maya, Enterobacteriaceae, koliform, sülfit indirgeyen anaerob bakteriler, Staphylococcus-Micrococcus spp., Escherichia coli ve Salmonella spp. ile kontamine olduğu belirlendi. Ancak örneklerin hiçbirinde Staphylococcus aureus ve Bacillus cereus tespit edilmedi. En yüksek ortalama TMAB (5.03 log10 kob/g) ve küf-maya sayısı (4.78 log10 kob/g) nane örneklerinde, Enterobacteriaceae (4.19 log10 kob/g) ve koliform sayısı ise hatmi (3.87 log10 kob/g) örneklerinde bulundu. Kapalı ambalajlarda satışa sunulan örneklerdeki ortalama Enterobacteriaceae ve koliform bakteri sayıları açıkta satışa sunulan örneklerden önemli derecede daha düşük bulundu (p<0.05).
Bu çalışma sonuçları bitki çaylarının hijyenik kalitesinin yetersiz olduğunu göstermektedir. Bitki çaylarındaki E. coli ve Salmonella varlığının halk sağlığı ve gıda güvenliği açısından potansiyel bir risk oluşturabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Destekleyen Kurum
DİCLE ÜNİVERSİTESİ BİLİMSEL ARAŞTIRMA PROJELERİ KOORDİNATÖRLÜĞÜ
Proje Numarası
VETERİNER-19.001
Teşekkür
Bu çalışma Dicle Üniversitesi Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü (DÜBAP) tarafından Veteriner 19.001 numaralı proje ile desteklenmiştir.
Kaynakça
- 1.Tournas VH, Katsouda EJ. (2008). Microbiological Quality of Various Medicinal Herbal Teas and Coffee Substitutes. Microbiol Insights. 1: 48-55. 2. Can N, Duraklı Velioğlu S. (2018). Bitki Çaylarında Mikrobiyal Kalite ve Mikotoksin Varlığı. Erzincan Üniv Fen Bilim Enst Derg. 11(3): 362-380. 3. Malik F, Hussain S, Mahmoo S. (2014). Appraisal of Medicinal Plants Used in Alternative Systems Of Medicines for Microbial Contamination, Physiochemical Parameters And Heavy Metals. Pak J Bot. 46(2): 645-658. 4. Kneifel W, Berger E. (1994). Microbiological Criteria of Random Samples of Spices and Herbs Retailed on the Austrian Market. J Food Prot. 57(10): 893-901. 5. Alavi I, Zahedi M, Zahedi M, Pirbalouti AG, Rahimi E, Momtaz H. (2017). Evaluating the Microbial Contamination of Some Iranian Dried Medicinal Plants and Distillates. Int J Epidemiol Res. 4(2): 118-124. 6. Abd El-Rahman MAM. (2019). Microbiological Quality and Heavy Metals Content of some Spices and Herbs Kinds. J Food and Dairy Sci Mansoura Univ. 10 (7): 237-241. 7. Ameri A, Ekhtelat M, Shamsaei S. (2020). Microbial İndices of Industrial and Traditional Medicinal Herbs in Ahvaz, Iran. Foods and Raw Materials. 8(1): 134–139. 8. Adounkpe FM, Allabi AC, BabaMoussa F, Gbegbe M, Keke M, Moutairou K. (2017). Microbiological Quality Assessment of Aqueous Herbal Teas Sold in Cotonou, Benin. Int J Herb Med. 5(3): 121-126. 9. Garcia S, Iracheta F, Galvan F, Heredia N. (2001). Microbiological Survey of Retail Herbs and Spices from Mexican Markets. J Food Prot. 64(1): 99–103. 10. Wilson C, Dettenkofer M, Jonas D, Daschner FD. (2014). Pathogen Gowth in Herbal Teas in Clinical Settings: A Possible Spurce of Nosocomial Enfection. Am J Infect Control. 32: 117-119. 11. de Freitas Araújo MG, Bauab TM. Microbial Quality of Medicinal Plant Materials. Chapter four. in Latest Research into Quality Control. Editor: Akyar I. eBook (PDF) ISBN: 978-953-51-5141-8. 2012.p. 67-81. 12. Türk Gıda Kodeksi Mikrobiyolojik Kriterler Yönetmeliği. (2011). Gıda Güvenilirliği Kriterleri. Resmi Gazete Tarihi: 29 Aralık 2011, Resmî Gazete Sayı: 28157. 13. ISO 4833-1. (2013). Microbiology of the Food Chain - Horizontal Method for the Enumeration of Microorganisms - Part 1: Colony Count at 30 ◦C by the Pour Plate Technique. International Organization of Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland. 14. ISO 21528-2. (2017). Microbiology of Food and Animal Feding Stuffs - Horizontal Method for the Detection and Enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae. Part 2: Colony - Count Tecnique. International Organization of Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland. 15. ISO 16649-2. (2001). Horizontal Method for the Enumeration of ß - glucuronidase Positive E. coli - Colony Count Technigue at 44 °C Using. International Organization of Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland. 16. ISO 7932:2004. (2004). Microbiology of Food and Animal Feding Stuffs-Horizontal Method for the Enumeration of Presumptive Bacillus cereus – Colony Count Technique at 30 Degrees. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland. 17. Bacteriological Analytical Manual. (2001). BAM: Yeasts, Molds and Mycotoxins Erişim: https://www.fda.gov/food/laboratory-methods-food/bam-yeasts-molds-and-mycotoxins. Erişim tarihi: 06.09.2019 18. TSE ISO 6579. (2005). Mikrobiyoloji - Gıda ve Hayvan Yemleri - Salmonella İçin Yatay Yöntem. Türk Standartları Enstitüsü, Ankara.. 19. Harrigan WF. (1998). Laboratory Methods in Food Microbiology. 3th Ed. Academic Press, San Diego. 20. Speck ML. (1976). Compendium of Methods for the Microbiological Examination of Foods. American Public Health Association, Washington DC, USA. 21. Okunlola A, Adewoyin BA, Odeku OA. (2007). Evaluation of Pharmaceutical and Microbial Qualities of Some Herbal Medicinal Products in South Western Nigeria. Trop J Pharm Res. 6 (1): 661-670. 22. Bala JD, Kuta FA, Abioye OP, Adabara NU, Abdulsalam R, Adelere IA, Adel AS, Al-Gheethi Kaizar H, Ademujimi MM. (2017). Isolation and Characterisation of Microorganisms Contaminating Herbal Infusion Sold in Minna, Nigeria. Int J STEM Educ. 13(2): 10-15. 23. The Canadian Food Inspection Agency. Bacterial Pathogens in Dried Herbs and Dried Teas - April 1, 2014 to March 31, 2018. Food microbiology - Targeted Surveys - Final Report. Erişim: https://www.inspection.gc.ca/DAM/DAM-food-aliments/STAGING/text-exte/bacterial_pathogens_in_dried_herbs_and_dried_teas_1553013196262_eng.pdf Erişim tarihi: 26.04.2020 24. Arslan R. (2013). Türkiye’de Üretilen Bazı Organik Baharat ve Bitkisel Çayların Aflatoksin B1 Düzeyleri Ve Mikrobiyolojik Kalitesinin Araştırılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. S, 1-113, Manisa. 25. Omogbai BA, Ikenebomeh M. (2013). Microbiological Characteristics and Phytochemical Screening of some Herbal Teas in Nigeria. European Sci J. 9(18): 149-160. 26. Romagnoli B, Menna V, Gruppioni N, Bergamini C. (2007). Aflatoxins in Spices, Aromatic Herbs, Herb-Teas and Medicinal Plants Marketed in Italy. Food Control. 18: 697–701. 27. Martins HM, Martins ML, Dias MI, Bernardo F. (2001). Evaluation of Microbiological Quality of Medicinal Plants Used in Natural Infusions. Int J Food Microbiol. 68: 149–153. 28. Ham H. (2017). Distributions of Listeria spp., Bacillus spp., Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Coliforms Isolated from Agricultural Herb Products from the Market. J Bacteriol Virol. 47(4): 171-178. 29. Abba D, Inabo HI, Yakubu SE, Olonitola OS. (2009). Contamination of Herbal Medicinal Products Marketed in Kaduna Metropolis with Selected Pathogenic Bacteria. Afr J Trad CAM. 6(1): 70-77.
Yıl 2020,
Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 76 - 82, 30.06.2020
Öz
Proje Numarası
VETERİNER-19.001
Kaynakça
- 1.Tournas VH, Katsouda EJ. (2008). Microbiological Quality of Various Medicinal Herbal Teas and Coffee Substitutes. Microbiol Insights. 1: 48-55. 2. Can N, Duraklı Velioğlu S. (2018). Bitki Çaylarında Mikrobiyal Kalite ve Mikotoksin Varlığı. Erzincan Üniv Fen Bilim Enst Derg. 11(3): 362-380. 3. Malik F, Hussain S, Mahmoo S. (2014). Appraisal of Medicinal Plants Used in Alternative Systems Of Medicines for Microbial Contamination, Physiochemical Parameters And Heavy Metals. Pak J Bot. 46(2): 645-658. 4. Kneifel W, Berger E. (1994). Microbiological Criteria of Random Samples of Spices and Herbs Retailed on the Austrian Market. J Food Prot. 57(10): 893-901. 5. Alavi I, Zahedi M, Zahedi M, Pirbalouti AG, Rahimi E, Momtaz H. (2017). Evaluating the Microbial Contamination of Some Iranian Dried Medicinal Plants and Distillates. Int J Epidemiol Res. 4(2): 118-124. 6. Abd El-Rahman MAM. (2019). Microbiological Quality and Heavy Metals Content of some Spices and Herbs Kinds. J Food and Dairy Sci Mansoura Univ. 10 (7): 237-241. 7. Ameri A, Ekhtelat M, Shamsaei S. (2020). Microbial İndices of Industrial and Traditional Medicinal Herbs in Ahvaz, Iran. Foods and Raw Materials. 8(1): 134–139. 8. Adounkpe FM, Allabi AC, BabaMoussa F, Gbegbe M, Keke M, Moutairou K. (2017). Microbiological Quality Assessment of Aqueous Herbal Teas Sold in Cotonou, Benin. Int J Herb Med. 5(3): 121-126. 9. Garcia S, Iracheta F, Galvan F, Heredia N. (2001). Microbiological Survey of Retail Herbs and Spices from Mexican Markets. J Food Prot. 64(1): 99–103. 10. Wilson C, Dettenkofer M, Jonas D, Daschner FD. (2014). Pathogen Gowth in Herbal Teas in Clinical Settings: A Possible Spurce of Nosocomial Enfection. Am J Infect Control. 32: 117-119. 11. de Freitas Araújo MG, Bauab TM. Microbial Quality of Medicinal Plant Materials. Chapter four. in Latest Research into Quality Control. Editor: Akyar I. eBook (PDF) ISBN: 978-953-51-5141-8. 2012.p. 67-81. 12. Türk Gıda Kodeksi Mikrobiyolojik Kriterler Yönetmeliği. (2011). Gıda Güvenilirliği Kriterleri. Resmi Gazete Tarihi: 29 Aralık 2011, Resmî Gazete Sayı: 28157. 13. ISO 4833-1. (2013). Microbiology of the Food Chain - Horizontal Method for the Enumeration of Microorganisms - Part 1: Colony Count at 30 ◦C by the Pour Plate Technique. International Organization of Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland. 14. ISO 21528-2. (2017). Microbiology of Food and Animal Feding Stuffs - Horizontal Method for the Detection and Enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae. Part 2: Colony - Count Tecnique. International Organization of Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland. 15. ISO 16649-2. (2001). Horizontal Method for the Enumeration of ß - glucuronidase Positive E. coli - Colony Count Technigue at 44 °C Using. International Organization of Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland. 16. ISO 7932:2004. (2004). Microbiology of Food and Animal Feding Stuffs-Horizontal Method for the Enumeration of Presumptive Bacillus cereus – Colony Count Technique at 30 Degrees. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland. 17. Bacteriological Analytical Manual. (2001). BAM: Yeasts, Molds and Mycotoxins Erişim: https://www.fda.gov/food/laboratory-methods-food/bam-yeasts-molds-and-mycotoxins. Erişim tarihi: 06.09.2019 18. TSE ISO 6579. (2005). Mikrobiyoloji - Gıda ve Hayvan Yemleri - Salmonella İçin Yatay Yöntem. Türk Standartları Enstitüsü, Ankara.. 19. Harrigan WF. (1998). Laboratory Methods in Food Microbiology. 3th Ed. Academic Press, San Diego. 20. Speck ML. (1976). Compendium of Methods for the Microbiological Examination of Foods. American Public Health Association, Washington DC, USA. 21. Okunlola A, Adewoyin BA, Odeku OA. (2007). Evaluation of Pharmaceutical and Microbial Qualities of Some Herbal Medicinal Products in South Western Nigeria. Trop J Pharm Res. 6 (1): 661-670. 22. Bala JD, Kuta FA, Abioye OP, Adabara NU, Abdulsalam R, Adelere IA, Adel AS, Al-Gheethi Kaizar H, Ademujimi MM. (2017). Isolation and Characterisation of Microorganisms Contaminating Herbal Infusion Sold in Minna, Nigeria. Int J STEM Educ. 13(2): 10-15. 23. The Canadian Food Inspection Agency. Bacterial Pathogens in Dried Herbs and Dried Teas - April 1, 2014 to March 31, 2018. Food microbiology - Targeted Surveys - Final Report. Erişim: https://www.inspection.gc.ca/DAM/DAM-food-aliments/STAGING/text-exte/bacterial_pathogens_in_dried_herbs_and_dried_teas_1553013196262_eng.pdf Erişim tarihi: 26.04.2020 24. Arslan R. (2013). Türkiye’de Üretilen Bazı Organik Baharat ve Bitkisel Çayların Aflatoksin B1 Düzeyleri Ve Mikrobiyolojik Kalitesinin Araştırılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. S, 1-113, Manisa. 25. Omogbai BA, Ikenebomeh M. (2013). Microbiological Characteristics and Phytochemical Screening of some Herbal Teas in Nigeria. European Sci J. 9(18): 149-160. 26. Romagnoli B, Menna V, Gruppioni N, Bergamini C. (2007). Aflatoxins in Spices, Aromatic Herbs, Herb-Teas and Medicinal Plants Marketed in Italy. Food Control. 18: 697–701. 27. Martins HM, Martins ML, Dias MI, Bernardo F. (2001). Evaluation of Microbiological Quality of Medicinal Plants Used in Natural Infusions. Int J Food Microbiol. 68: 149–153. 28. Ham H. (2017). Distributions of Listeria spp., Bacillus spp., Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Coliforms Isolated from Agricultural Herb Products from the Market. J Bacteriol Virol. 47(4): 171-178. 29. Abba D, Inabo HI, Yakubu SE, Olonitola OS. (2009). Contamination of Herbal Medicinal Products Marketed in Kaduna Metropolis with Selected Pathogenic Bacteria. Afr J Trad CAM. 6(1): 70-77.
Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Veteriner Cerrahi |
| Bölüm | Araştıma |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | VETERİNER-19.001 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Haziran 2020 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 22 Haziran 2020 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2020 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1 |
