KAYSERİ BÖLGESİNDE DOĞAL OLARAK YETİŞEN VE KÜLTÜRE EDİLEN TIBBİ MANTARLARIN TOPLAM FENOLİK MADDE İÇERİKLERİNİN, ANTİOKSİDAN AKTİVİTELERİNİN VE ERİTADENİN BİLEŞİĞİNİN BELİRLENMESİ

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 46 Sayı: 2, 376 - 395, 23.03.2021

Murat Kaya , Serap Berktaş , Neşe Adanacıoğlu , Mustafa Çam

https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD21007

Öz

Bu çalışmada Kayseri’de yetişen 39 ve kültüre edilen 6 tıbbi mantar türünün antioksidan kapasiteleri (AO), fenolik madde miktarları (TFM) ve kolesterol düşürücü özellikteki eritadenin bileşiğinin (EA) varlığı araştırılmıştır. TFM açısından ilk iki sıradaki mantarlar Suillus luteus (2150 mg GAE/100 g) ve Agaricus sp. (1776 mg GAE/100 g)’ dır. AO açısından ilk iki sıradaki mantarlar (ABTS yöntemiyle) Suillus luteus (2211 mg TE/100 g) ve Agrocybe aegerita (1981 mg TE/100 g), (DPPH yöntemiyle) Leucopaxillus sp. (1651 mg TE/100 g), Lentinula edodes (984 mg TE/100 g) ve Agaricus bernardii (983 mg TE/100 g) mantarlarıdır (P <0.005). EA gözlenebilme sınırı (LOD) 0.0002 mg/L, tayin sınırı (LOQ) 0.00066 mg/L olarak hesaplanmıştır. Çeşitli mantar türlerinde bulunduğu literatürde bildirilen EA, çalışmamızda şitake mantarında (3338 mg/kg) belirlenmiş, diğer 44 mantar türündeyse belirlenememiştir. Temel bileşen analiziyle 4 değişkenin 45 mantar üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiş, toplam varyansın %78.89’luk kısmının iki temel bileşence açıklandığı görülmüştür. Mantarların ürün geliştirme çalışmalarında kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

tıbbi mantarlar, eritadenin, RP-HPLC, LOD, PCA

Destekleyen Kurum

ERCİYES ÜNİVERSİTESİ BİLİMSEL ARAŞTIRMA PROJELERİ BİRİMİ

Proje Numarası

FDK-2018-7892

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma Erciyes Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi tarafından FDK-2018-7892 kodu ile desteklenmiştir.

DETERMINATION OF TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND ERITADENINE COMPOUND OF WILD MUSHROOMS IN KAYSERI REGION AND CULTIVATED MEDICINAL MUSHROOMS

Öz

In this study, AO, TPC and presence of EA compound of 39 wild mushrooms in Kayseri region and 6 medicinal mushrooms were investigated. The highest TPC was obtained from Suillus luteus and Agaricus sp. 2150, 1776 mg GAE/100 g, respectively. In terms of the AO, Suillus luteus and Agrocybe aegeriata, were foregrounding with 2211 and 1981 mg TEAC/100 g. LOD and LOQ of EA was calculated as 0.0002 and 0.00066 mg/L, respectively. The presence of EA in various mushrooms was reported in the literature, it was found only in shitake mushroom in this study, EA was not detected in others. The effect of 4 variables on 45 mushrooms was examined by Principal Component Analysis. As a result, it was determined that 78.89% of the total variance was explained by the first 2 PCs in the whole data set. It was concluded that mushrooms can be used in product development studies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Medicinal mushroom, eritadenine, RP-HPLC, LOD, PCA

Proje Numarası

FDK-2018-7892

Kaynakça

• Afrin, S., Rakib, M. A., Kim, B. H., Kim, J. O., Ha, Y. L. (2016). Eritadenine from edible mushrooms inhibits activity of angiotensin converting enzyme in vitro. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 64(11): 2263-2268 p.
• Anonymous. (2021a). https://www.mykoweb.com (Erişim tarihi: 21 Ocak 2021).
• Anonymous. (2021b). Https://www.first-nature.com. https://www.first-nature.com (Erişim tarihi: 21 Ocak 2021).
• Anonymous. (2021c). Www.mushroomexpert.com. www.mushroomexpert (Erişim tarihi: 21 Ocak 2021).
• Barron, G. L. (1999). Mushrooms of northeast North America: Midwest to New England. Lone Pine Pub, Edminton, AB, Canada, 336 p.
• Bekci, H. (2020). Muğla bölgesi’nden elde edilen yenilebilir yabani mantarların biyolojik aktiviteleri. Erciyes Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Gıda Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı Doktora Tezi, Kayseri, Türkiye, 198 s.
• Bekçi̇, H., Altinsoy, B., Sarikaya, S., Onbaşili, D. ve Çeli̇k, G. Y. (2011). Kastamonu yöresinden toplanan bazı makrofungusların antimikrobiyal aktivitesi. Kastamonu Orman Ürünleri Dergisi, 11 (2):187– 190 s.
• Boonsong, S., Klaypradit, W., Wilaipun, P. (2016). Antioxidant activities of extracts from five edible mushrooms using different extractants. Agriculture and Natural Resources, 50(2): 89-97 p., doi:10.1016/j.anres.2015.07.002.
• Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M. E., Berset, C. (1995). Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 28(1): 25-30 p., doi:10.1016/S0023-6438(95)80008-5.
• Butkhup, L., Samappito, W., Jorjong, S. (2018). Evaluation of bioactivities and phenolic contents of wild edible mushrooms from northeastern Thailand. Food Science and Biotechnology, 27(1): 193-202 p., doi:10.1007/s10068-017-0237-5.
• Chan, G. C., Chan, W. K., Sze, D. M. (2009). The effects of β-glucan on human immune and cancer cells. Journal of Hematology & Oncolog, 2(25): 1-11 p.
• Cheung, P. C. K. (2008). Mushrooms as Functional Foods. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 227 p.
• Doğan, H. H., Karagöz, S., Duman, R. (2018). Antiviral activity, cytotoxic, Fomes fomentarius, herpes simplex virus type 1, Laetiporus sulphureus, medical mushrooms, Morchella conica, Phellinus igniarius, Pleurotus ostreatus, Terfezia boudieri, Tricholoma anatolicum. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 20(3): 201-212 p.
• El Enshasy, H. A., Hatti-Kaul, R. (2013). Mushroom immunomodulators: Unique molecules with unlimited applications. Trends in Biotechnology, 31(12): 668-677 p.
• Enman, J., Hodge, D., Berglund, K. A., Rova, U. (2012). Growth promotive conditions for enhanced eritadenine production during submerged cultivation of Lentinus edodes. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 87(7): 903-907 p., doi:10.1002/jctb.3697.
• Enman, J., Rova, U., Berglund, K. A. (2007). Quantification of the bioactive compound eritadenine in selected strains of shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55(4): 1177-1180 p., doi:10.1021/jf062559+.
• Erdoğan, S., Soylu, M. K., Başer, K. H. C. (2017). Bazı yabani mantarların antioksidan özellikleri. Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, (6): 254-260 s.
• Eren, A., Akyüz, M. (2018). Bazı makrofungus misellerin antimikrobiyal aktivitelerinin belirlenmesi. Mantar Dergisi, 8(2): 196-205 s.
• Flück, M. (2019). Welcher Pilz ist das?: 170 Pilze einfach bestimmen. Franckh-Kosmos Verlags-Gmbh & Company KG, 128 p.
• Fukada, S., Setoue, M., Morita, T., Sugiyama, K. (2006). Dietary eritadenine suppresses guanidinoacetic acid-induced hyperhomocysteinemia in rats. The Journal of Nutrition, 136(11): 2797-2802 p., doi:10.1093/jn/136.11.2797.
• Gan, C. H., Amira, B., Asmah, R. (2013). Antioxidant analysis of different types of edible mushrooms (Agaricus bisporous and Agaricus brasiliensis). International Food Research Journal, 20: 1095-1102 p.
• Gminder, A., Böhning, T. (2007). Melyik ez a gomba. Franckh-Kosmos Verlags-Gmbh & Co. KG, Stuttgart, 219 p.
• Gupta, D. (2013). Comparative analysis of spices for their phenolic content, flavonoid content and antioxidant capacity. American International Journal of Research in Formal, Applied & Natural Sciences, 4: 38-42 p.
• Hetland, G., Tangen, J.-M., Mahmood, F., Mirlashari, M. R., Nissen-Meyer, L. S. H., Nentwich, I., Johnson, E. (2020). Antitumor, anti-inflammatory and antiallergic effects of Agaricus blazei mushroom extract and the related medicinal Basidiomycetes mushrooms, Hericium erinaceus and Grifola frondosa: A Review of preclinical and clinical studies. Nutrients, 12(5): 1339 p., doi:10.3390/nu12051339.
• Hossain, S., Hashimoto, M., Choudhury, E. K., Alam, N., Hussain, S., Hasan, M., Mahmud, I. (2003). Dietary mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) ameliorates atherogenic lipid in hypercholesterolaemic rats. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology & Physiology, 30(7): 470-475 p., doi:10.1046/j.1440-1681.2003.03857.x.
• Kajaba, I., Simoncic, R., Frecerova, K., Belay, G. (2008). Clinical studies on the hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of selected natural substances. Bratislavské lekárske listy, 109: 267-272 p.
• Kaneda, T., Tokuda, S. (1966). Effect of various mushroom preparations on cholesterol levels in rats. The Journal of Nutrition, 90(4): 371-376 p., doi:10.1093/jn/90.4.371.
• Khatun, K., Mahtab, H., Khanam, P. A., Sayeed, M. A., Khan, K. A. (2007). Oyster mushroom reduced blood glucose and cholesterol in diabetic subjects. Mymensingh Medical Journal, 16(1): 94-99 p.
• Khursheed, R., Singh, S. K., Wadhwa, S., Gulati, M., Awasthi, A. (2020). Therapeutic potential of mushrooms in diabetes mellitus: Role of polysaccharides. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 164: 1194-1205 p., doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.145.
• Kodama, N., Kakuno, T., Nanba, H. (2003). Stimulation of the natural immune system in normal mice by polysaccharide from maitake mushroom. Mycoscience, 44(3): 257-261 p.
• Kosanić, M., Ranković, B., Dašić, M. (2012). Mushrooms as possible antioxidant and antimicrobial agents. Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research: IJPR, 11(4): 1095-102 p.
• Laessoe, T. (2013). Mushrooms et Toadstools. The Illustrated Guide to Fungi. Dorling Kindersley Publishers Ltd. Lelik, L., Vitányi, G., Lefler, J., Hegóczky, I., Nagy-Gasztonyi, M., Vereczkey, G. (1997). Production of the mycelium of shiitake (Lentinus edodes) mushroom and investigation of its bioactive compounds. Acta Alimentaria, 26: 271-277 p.
• Li, Y., Guo, C., Yang, J., Wei, J., Xu, J., Cheng, S. (2006). Evaluation of antioxidant properties of pomegranate peel extract in comparison with pomegranate pulp extract. Food Chemistry, 96(2): 254-260 p., doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.02.033.
• Lincoff, G. H., Lincoff, G., Society, N. A. ve Nehring, C. (1981). The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Mushrooms. Knopf, 928 p.
• Mitra, S., Bhartiya, P., Kaushik, N., Nhat Nguyen, L., Wahab, R., Bekeschus, S., Kaushik, N. K. (2020). Plasma-treated Flammulina velutipes-derived extract showed anticancer potential in human breast cancer cells. Applied Sciences, 10(23): 8395 p., doi:10.3390/app10238395.
• Morales, D., Tabernero, M., Largo, C., Polo, G., Piris, A. J., Soler-Rivas, C. (2018). Effect of traditional and modern culinary processing, bioaccessibility, biosafety and bioavailability of eritadenine, a hypocholesterolemic compound from edible mushrooms. Food & Function, 9(12): 6360-6368 p., doi:10.1039/C8FO01704B.
• Nowakowski, P., Markiewicz-Żukowska, R., Gromkowska-Kępka, K., Naliwajko, S. K., Moskwa, J., Bielecka, J., Socha, K. (2021). Mushrooms as potential therapeutic agents in the treatment of cancer: Evaluation of anti-glioma effects of Coprinus comatus, Cantharellus cibarius, Lycoperdon perlatum and Lactarius deliciosus extracts. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 133: 111090 p., doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111090.
• Pegler, D. N. (2002). Useful fungi of the world: The Ling-zhi - The mushroom of immortality. Mycologist, 16: 100-101 p., doi:10.1017/S0269915X0200304X.
• Pinto, P. G., Ribeiro, B., Gonçalves, R.F., Baptista, P., Valentao, P., Seabra, R.M., Andrade, P.B. (2008). Correlation between the pattern volatiles and the overall aroma of wild edible mushrooms. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56(5): 1704–1712 p., doi/10.1021/jf073181y.
• Prior, R. L., Wu, X., Schaich, K. (2005). Standardized methods for the determination of antioxidant capacity and phenolics in foods and dietary supplements. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53(10): 4290-4302 p., doi:10.1021/jf0502698.
• Puttaraju, N. G., Venkateshaiah, S. U., Dharmesh, S. M., Urs, S. M. N., Somasundaram, R. (2006). Antioxidant activity of indigenous edible mushrooms. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 54(26): 9764-9772 p.
• Re, R., Pellegrini, N., Proteggente, A., Pannala, A., Yang, M., Rice-Evans, C. (1999). Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 26(9-10): 1231-1237 p., doi:10.1016/S0891-5849(98)00315-3.
• Rogers, R. (2006). A Book Review: The Fungal Pharmacy: Medicinal Mushrooms of Western Canada. Prairie Deva Press, Edmonton Alberta, 234 p.
• Rokujo, T., Kikuchi, H., Tensho, A., Tsukitani, Y., Takenawa, T., Yoshida, K., Kamiya, T. (1970). Lentysine: A new hypolipidemic agent from a mushroom. Life Sciences, 9(7): 379-385 p., doi:10.1016/0024-3205(70)90240-7.
• Sekiya, A., Fukada, S., Morita, T., Kawagishi, H., Sugiyama, K. (2006). Suppression of methionine-induced hyperhomocysteinemia by dietary eritadenine in rats. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 70(8): 1987-1991 p., doi:10.1271/bbb.60075.
• Singleton, V. L., Rossi, J. A. (1965). Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16(3): 144-158 p.
• Smith, A. H., Weber, N. S., Weber, N. S. (1980). The mushroom hunter’s field guide. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbour.
• Wani, B. A., Bodha, R. H., Wani, A. H. (2010). Nutritional and medicinal importance of mushrooms. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 4(24): 2598-2604 p.
• Wasser, S. P. (2002). Medicinal mushrooms as a source of antitumor and immunomodulating polysaccharides. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 60(3): 258-274 p.
• Yamada, T., Komoto, J., Lou, K., Ueki, A., Hua, D. H., Sugiyama, K., Takusagawa, F. (2007). Structure and function of eritadenine and its 3-deaza analogues: Potent inhibitors of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase and hypocholesterolemic agents. Biochemical Pharmacology, 73(7): 981-989 p., doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2006.12.014.