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The Role of Brand Image in Gastronomic Destinations: An Analysis on Turkey and Malaysia Website

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 40 - 53, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.30625/ijctr.1064603

Öz

The consumption of local food in many cases enables the recognition of local cultures and increases their awareness in the international arena. The tendency to experience local cultures and authentic flavors is effective in the emergence of gastronomic-themed holidays. The relationship between the forces of globalization, localization, and gastronomy puts particular emphasis on food as the source of regional and national identity and the advantages of economic development. These motivations, lead to the emergence of gastronomy routes, are increasingly popular all over the world. Countries are expected to properly brand themselves in the international arena to create an intention to travel to countries they have never seen before. Effective use of websites is an important phase of this branding process. Thinking about the color, design, appropriateness, and attractiveness of the official websites where tourism products are represented will create an opportunity to create an effective image and increase the number of tourists. In this context, the comparative content analysis is carried out on Turkey and Malaysia's websites. This research, which was conducted to determine the brand image of gastronomy on websites and to determine the representation of brand awareness, discusses the marketing strategies for gastronomy tourism in two countries with similar tourism potential.

Kaynakça

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Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 40 - 53, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.30625/ijctr.1064603

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Aaker, D. A. (1991). Managing brand equity, New York, Maxweel Macmillan-Canada.
  • Ahmad, F. S., Ihtiyar, A., & Omar, R. (2014). A comparative study on service quality in the grocery retailing: evidence from Malaysia and Turkey. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 109, 763-767.
  • Aracı, Ü. E., Bulut, Z. A., Onaran, B., & Koçak, N. (2014). Fark Yaratan Uygulamalar Perspektifinden Seyahat Acentelerinde Iliskisel Pazarlama Faaliyetlerini Anlamak/Understanding Customer Relationship Activities of Travel Agencies from The Perspective of Difference Creating Implications. Ege Akademik Bakis, 14(4), 559.
  • Atalay, S. (2016). Ziyaretçilerin Edirne i̇li gastronomik i̇maj algıları değerlendirilmesi Evaluation of the visitors' perception of gastronomic image in Edirne. Unpublished Master's Thesis, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Institute of Social Sciences, Çanakkale.
  • Atay, L. (2003). Turistik destinasyon pazarlaması ve bir alan uygulaması Tourist destination marketing and a field application. Dokuz Eylul University Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Tourism and Hotel Management, Unpublished Doctorate Thesis, Izmir.
  • Athukorala, P. C., & Menon, J. (1999). Outward orientation and economic development in Malaysia. World Economy, 22(8), 1119-1139.
  • Avcıkurt, C. (2020). Turizm sosyolojisi: Genel ve Yapısal Yaklaşım Tourism sociology: General and structural approach. Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Barreda, A. A., Bilgihan, A., Nusair, K., & Okumus, F. (2016). Online branding: Development of hotel branding through interactivity theory. Tourism Management, 57, 180-192.
  • Baten, J. (2016). A History of the global economy. From 1500 to the present. Cambridge University Press.
  • Boyne, S., & Hall, D. (2004). Place promotion through food and tourism: Rural branding and the role of websites. Place branding, 1(1), 80-92.
  • Bucak, T., & ARACI, Ü. E. (2013). Türkiye’de gastronomi turizmi üzerine genel bir değerlendirme. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 16(30), 203-216.
  • Çağlı, I. B. (2012). Türkiye’de yerel kültürün turizm odaklı kalkınmadaki rolü: Gastronomi turizmi örneği The role of the local culture in Turkey tourism-oriented development: Gastronomic tourism instance, Unpublished Master Thesis, Istanbul Technical University Institute of Science, Istanbul.
  • Çakır, A., Çiftçi, G., & Çakır, G. (2017). Trakya turizm rotası projesi: Lezzet rotası üzerine bir değerlendirme Thrace tourism route project: An evaluation on the flavor route. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies 5/Special Issue2 194-205.
  • Can, İ. İ., & Ağcakaya, H. (2019). Somut olmayan kültürel miras kapsamında mutfak kültürünün sürdürülebilirliği: Türkiye’deki gastronomi müzeleri örneği The culinary culture of sustainability within the scope of intangible cultural heritage: the example of gastronomy museums in Turkey. Gastroia: Journal of Gastronomy and Travel Research, 3(4), 788-804.
  • Can, Ü. (2021). Yeni Normalin Yeni Kuralları ve Yeni Müşteri. Yiyecek İçecek Hizmetlerinde Müşteri Yönetimi. Ed. Can, Ü. & Okat, Ç. Detay Yayıncılık, 187-200.
  • Çavuşoğlu, M., & Çavuşoğlu, O. (2018). Gastronomi turizmi ve Gökçeada lezzet rotası Gastronomy tourism and Gökçeada flavor route. Güncel Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2, 347-359.
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  • Güzel-Şahin, G. & Ünver, G. (2015). Destinasyon pazarlama aracı olarak gastronomi turizmi: İstanbul’un gastronomi turizmi potansiyeli üzerine bir araştırma Gastronomy tourism as a destination marketing tool: A research on the gastronomic tourism potential of Istanbul. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 3(2):63-73.
  • Hall, M. & Sharples, L. (2003). Food tourism around the world. Elsevier Journals.
  • Horng, J. S., Liu, C. H., Chou, H. Y., & Tsai, C. Y. (2012). Understanding the impact of culinary brand equity and destination familiarity on travel intentions. Tourism management, 33(4), 815-824.
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  • Keller, K. L. (1993). Conceptualizing, measuring, and managing customer-based brand equity. Journal of Marketing, 57(1), 1-22.
  • Kervankıran, İ. & Çuhadar, M. (2014). Turizm rotalarının oluşturulmasında coğrafi bilgi sistemlerinin önemiThe importance of geographic information systems in creating tourism routes. III. Interdisciplinary Tourism Research Congress. 04-05 April 2014, Aydın, Ss:576-589.
  • Kim, Y. G., & Eves, A. (2012). Construction and validation of a scale to measure tourist motivation to consume local food. Tourism Management, 33(6), 1458-1467.
  • Kim, Y. G., Eves, A., & Scarles, C. (2009). Building a model of local food consumption on trips and holidays: A grounded theory approach. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 28(3), 423-431.
  • Kivela, J. & Crotts, J. (2006). Tourism and gastronomy: Gastronomy’s influence on how tourists experience a destination. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research. 30(3): 354-377.
  • Kivela, J., & Crotts, J. C. (2005). Gastronomy tourism: A meaningful travel market segment. Journal of Culinary Science & Technology, 4(2-3), 39-55.
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  • Koç, P. (2021). Research on the Determination of the Destination Personality of Van Province in Terms of Branding TOURISM STUDIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES. Ed. Krystev, V., Çelik Uğuz, S., Efe, R. & Kapluhan, E. Sofia, 220-238.
  • Köroğlu, A., & Yağci, P. (2018). Türkiye’deki Şehirleri Simgeleyen Logoların Doğal ve Kültürel Miras Unsurları Açısından Çözümlenmesi. Turizm Akademik Dergisi, 5(1), 63-85.
  • Ku, E. C., & Chen, C. D. (2015). Cultivating travellers' revisit intention to e-tourism service: the moderating effect of website interactivity. Behaviour & Information Technology, 34(5), 465-478.
  • Küçükkömürler, S., Şirvan, U. N. B., & Sezgin, A. C. (2018). Dünyada ve Türkiye’de gastronomi turizmi Gastronomy tourism in the world and Turkey. International Journal of Tourism, Economics and Business Sciences (Ijtebs) E-Issn: 2602-4411, 2(2), 78-85.
  • Liu, C. (2012). The impact of interactivity and vividness of experiential brand websites on attitudes.
  • Liu, X. (2010). The Silk road in world history. Oxford University Press.
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  • Mari Mari Events, (2002). Major events in Malaysia Retrieved December 13, 2020 from, https://www.marimari.com/content/malaysia/events_festivals/main.html
  • Mosbah, A., & Saleh, A. A. (2014). A review of tourism development in Malaysia. European Journal of Business and Management, 6(5), 1-9.
  • Moss, G. A., Wulf, C., & Mullen, H. (2013). Internet Marketing to 50+ Generations in the UK and France. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 25(1), 45-58.
  • Nikitina, N., Rudolph, S., & Glimm, B. (2012). On the world wide web. Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web, 12(13), 118-130.
  • Ocak, E., Ceylan, Z., Okat, Ç. Koç, P., Torusdağ, G. B. & Uçkan Çakır, M. (2021). Yerel Mutfak Kültürünün Sürdürülebilirliği Kapsamında Van Gastronomi Rotası Önerisi Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies 9(4). 2655-2669 DOI: 10.21325/jotags.2021.913
  • Okat, Ç & Taşkesen, U. (2022). Yiyecek İçecek Sektörüne Genel Bir Bakış. Profesyonel Mutfak Yönetimi İnovatif Yaklaşım., Ed. Can, Ü. Detay Yayıncılık, 1 -11.
  • Okat, Ç. & Uçkan Çakır, M. (2021). Müşteri Şikâyetleri Yönetimi. Yiyecek İçecek Hizmetlerinde Müşteri Yönetimi. Ed. Can, Ü. Detay Yayıncılık, 197-220.
  • Okat, Ç., Bahçeci, V., & Ocak, E. (2020). COVİD-19 (Yeni Koronavirüs) Salgınının Neden Olduğu Krizin Yiyecek İçecek İşletmeleri Üzerindeki Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi. International Journal of Contemporary Tourism Research, 4(2), 201-218.
  • Othman, M. R. (2005). Malay Perception of the supremacy of the Turks and its significance before the demise of the Ottoman Empire, Malay in History 29:39- 48.
  • Özdemir, G. (2014). Destinasyon yönetimi ve pazarlaması Destination management and marketing, Detay Yayıncılık, Ankara
  • Özgüç, N. (2003). Turizm coğrafyası özellikler ve bölgeler Tourism geography features and regions. Çantak Kitabevi: İstanbul.
  • Raghavan, R. (1977). Ethno-racial marginality in West Malaysia: the case of the Peranakan Hindu Melaka or Malaccan Chitty community. Bijdragen tot de taal-, land-en volkenkunde/Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia, 133(4), 438-458.
  • Richards, G. (2002). Gastronomy: An essential ingredient in tourism production and consumption. Tourism and gastronomy, 11, 2-20.
  • Richards, G. & Hjalager, A. (2002). Tourism and gastronomy. Routledge.
  • Rodríguez-Molina, M. A., Frías-Jamilena, D. M., & Castañeda-García, J. A. (2015). The contribution of website design to the generation of tourist destination image: The moderating effect of involvement. Tourism Management, 47, 303-317.
  • Şahin, N. N., & Koç, P. (2021). Yalova'nın Destinasyon Kişiliği ve İmajı  Destinasyon Konulu Güncel Araştırmalar. Ed. Ünal, A. Çizgi Kitabevi. Konya, 279-302.
  • Sandıkcı, M., Mutlu, A. S. & Mutlu, H. (2019). Türkiye’deki gastronomi müzelerinin turistik sunum farklılıkları açısından araştırılması: A study about touristic presentation differences in gastronomy themed museums in Turkey. The Journal, 12(68).
  • Şengül, S. & Türkay, O. (2018a). Yöresel mutfak marka değeri algısının destinasyon farkındalığı ve destinasyon sadakati üzerindeki etkisi The effect of local cuisine brand value perception on destination awareness and destination loyalty, Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Mart 2018 22(1): 223-235
  • Şengül, S. & Türkay, O. (2018b). Yöresel mutfak unsurlarının turizm destinasyonunu tekrar tercih etme ve başkalarına önerme üzerine etkisi The effect of local cuisine elements on re-choosing a tourism destination and recommending it to others, Yönelim ve Ekonomi Dergisi. 16-04.
  • Şengül, S., & Türkay, O. (2016). Akdeniz mutfak kültürünün gastronomi turizmi bağlamında değerlendirilmesi Evaluation of Mediterranean cuisine culture in the context of gastronomic tourism. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 4(1), 86-99.
  • Seo, S., Yun, N., & Kim, O. Y. (2017). Destination food image and intention to eat destination foods: a view from Korea. Current Issues in Tourism, 20(2), 135-156.
  • Shih, B. Y., Chen, C. Y., & Chen, Z. S. (2013). An empirical study of an internet marketing strategy for search engine optimization. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries, 23(6), 528e540.
  • Shih, B. Y., Chen, C. Y., & Chen, Z. S. (2013). Retracted: an empirical study of an internet marketing strategy for search engine optimization. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries, 23(6), 528-540.
  • Smith, S. & Costello, C. (2009). Culinary tourism: Satisfaction with a culinary event utilizing importance- performance grid analysis. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 15(2):99-110.
  • Stempel, H. G. (2003) İçerik analizi, i̇letişim araştırmalarında i̇çerik çözümlemesi Content analysis, content analysis in communication research. (M. S. Çebi Trans.). Ankara: Alternatif Yayınları.
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  • Uçkan Çakır, M., Koç, P. & Okat, Ç. (2022). Güney Kore Sinemasında Politik Bir Silah: Yemek Geçmişten Günümüze Gastronominin Izleri Araştırmaya Dayalı Kanıtlar. Ed. Çulha, O. Eğitim Yayınevi, Konya, 197-220.
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  • Voorveld, H. A., Van Noort, G., & Duijn, M. (2013). Building brands with interactivity: The role of prior brand usage in the relation between perceived website interactivity and brand responses. Journal of Brand Management, 20(7), 608-622.
  • Wei Li Ng, (2018). The best food trails in Malaysia, Retrieved December 15, 2020 from, https://theculturetrip.com/asia/malaysia/articles/best-food-trails-malaysia/
  • Wong, J. (n.d.) Malacca everything you need to know about Malacca Retrieved December 15, 2020 from, http://www.malacca.ws
  • World Economic Forum Report. (2019). The travel & tourism competitiveness report. Https://Www.Weforum.Org/Reports/The-Travel-Tourism-Competitiveness-Report-2019
  • Yarış, A. (2014). Mardin’de gastronomi turizmi: turist görüşlerine i̇lişkin bir uygulama Gastronomy tourism in Mardin: an application for tourist views.. Master Thesis. Mardin Artuklu University.
  • Yeşilyurt, H., Çalışkan, C., & Okat, Ç. (2020). Potansiyel Turizm Destinasyonlarında Bulunan Otellerle İlgili E-Şikâyetlerin Coğrafi Bakışla Değerlendirilmesi: Adıyaman Örneği. Türk Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(3), 2003-2017.
  • Yoo, B., & Donthu, N. (2001). Developing and validating a multidimensional consumer-based brand equity scale. Journal of Business Research, 52(1), 1-14.
  • Zainal, A., Zali, A. N., & Kassim, M. N. (2010). Malaysian gastronomy routes as a tourist destination. Journal of Tourism, Hospitality & Culinary Arts, 2(1), 1-10.
Toplam 91 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Turizm (Diğer)
Bölüm Özgün Bilimsel Makale
Yazarlar

Merve Uçkan Çakır 0000-0001-8935-2800

Gülçin Özbay 0000-0002-5647-7137

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Ocak 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Uçkan Çakır, M., & Özbay, G. (2022). The Role of Brand Image in Gastronomic Destinations: An Analysis on Turkey and Malaysia Website. Uluslararası Güncel Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(1), 40-53. https://doi.org/10.30625/ijctr.1064603