Araştırma Makalesi
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Artırılmış Gerçekliğin Fen Eğitiminde Kullanımının Tutum ve Motivasyona Etkisi

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 3, 887 - 905, 15.05.2018
https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.415705

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı fen eğitiminde artırılmış gerçeklik
kullanımının öğrencilerin tutum ve motivasyonlarına etkisini belirlemektir. Araştırmada
öntest – sontest kontrol gruplu (eşleştirilmiş) yarı deneysel desen
kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu bir devlet okulunun 7. sınıfına
devam etmekte olan 87 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma sonucunda artırılmış
gerçeklik kullanımının öğrencilerin fen öğrenmeye yönelik motivasyonlarını
artırdığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmanın bir başka sonucuna göre,
artırılmış gerçeklik öğrencilerin fen öğrenmeye yönelik tutumlarını olumlu
şekilde değiştirmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Abdüsselam, M. S. (2014). Fizik öğretiminde artırılmış gerçeklik ortamlarının kullanımlarına ilişkin öğretmen ve öğrenci görüşleri: 11.sınıf manyetizma konusu örneği. Pegem Eğitim ve Öğretim Dergisi, 4(1), 59–74. http://doi.org/10.14527/pegegog.2014.004
  • Akçayır, M., Akçayır, G., Pektaş, H. M. ve Ocak, M. A. (2016). Augmented reality in science laboratories: The effects of augmented reality on university students’ laboratory skills and attitudes toward science laboratories. Computers in Human Behavior, 57, 334–342. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.054
  • Aktamış, H., ve Arıcı, V. A. (2013). Sanal gerçeklik programlarının astronomi konularının öğretiminde kullanılmasının akademik başarı ve kalıcılığına etkisi. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(2), 58–70.
  • Azuma, R. (1999). The challenge of making augmented reality work outdoors. Mixed Reality: Merging Real and Virtual Worlds, 379–390.
  • Bressler, D. M. ve Bodzin, A. M. (2013). A mixed methods assessment of students’ flow experiences during a mobile augmented reality science game. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 29(6), 505–517.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2007). Sosyal Bilimler İçin Veri Analizi El Kitabı. Ankara: PegemA Yayıncılık.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö., E., Karadeniz, Ş. ve Demirel, F. (2008). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Cai, S., Wang, X. ve Chiang, F.-K. (2014). A case study of Augmented Reality simulation system application in a chemistry course. Computers in Human Behavior, 37, 31–40. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.04.018
  • Chen, C. ve Wang, C.-H. (2015). Employing augmented-reality-embedded instruction to disperse the imparities of individual differences in earth science learning. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 24(6), 835–847.
  • Cheng, K.-H. ve Tsai, C.-C. (2013). Affordances of augmented reality in science learning: Suggestions for future research. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 22(4), 449–462.
  • Chiang, T. H. C., Yang, S. J. H. ve Hwang, G.-J. (2014). An Augmented Reality-based Mobile Learning System to Improve Students’ Learning Achievements and Motivations in Natural Science Inquiry Activities. Educational Technology ve Society, 17(4), 352–365.
  • Dede, Y. ve Yaman, S. (2008). Fen öğrenmeye yönelik motivasyon ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Necatibey Eğitim Fakültesi Elektronik Fen ve Matematik Eğitimi Dergisi, 2(1), 19–37.
  • Delello, J. A. (2014). Insights from pre-service teachers using science-based augmented reality. Journal of Computers in Education, 1(4), 295–311. http://doi.org/10.1007/s40692-014-0021-y
  • Dunleavy, M., Dede, C. ve Mitchell, R. (2009). Affordances and limitations of immersive participatory augmented reality simulations for teaching and learning. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 18(1), 7–22. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-008-9119-1
  • Enyedy, N., Danish, J. A., Delacruz, G. ve Kumar, M. (2012). Learning physics through play in an augmented reality environment. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 7(3), 347–378.
  • Furió, D., Juan, M.-C., Segui, I. ve Vivó, R. (2015). Mobile learning vs. traditional classroom lessons: a comparative study. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 31(3), 189–201.
  • George, D. ve Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for windows step by step: A simple guide and reference. Boston: Pearson.
  • Hsiao, K.-F., Chen, N.-S. ve Huang, S.-Y. (2012). Learning while exercising for science education in augmented reality among adolescents. Interactive Learning Environments, 20(4), 331–349.
  • Huang, T.-C., Chen, C.-C. ve Chou, Y.-W. (2016). Animating eco-education: To see, feel, and discover in an augmented reality-based experiential learning environment. Computers ve Education, 96, 72–82. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2016.02.008
  • Hwang, G.-J., Wu, P.-H., Chen, C.-C. ve Tu, N.-T. (2016). Effects of an augmented reality-based educational game on students’ learning achievements and attitudes in real-world observations. Interactive Learning Environments, 24(8), 1895–1906.
  • Ibáñez, M. B., Di Serio, A., Villarán, D. ve Kloos, C. D. (2014). Experimenting with electromagnetism using augmented reality: Impact on flow student experience and educational effectiveness. Computers ve Education, 71, 1–13.
  • Kamarainen, A. M., Metcalf, S., Grotzer, T., Browne, A., Mazzuca, D., Tutwiler, M. S. ve Dede, C. (2013). EcoMOBILE: Integrating augmented reality and probeware with environmental education field trips. Computers ve Education, 68, 545–556. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2013.02.018
  • Karasar, N. (2012). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Kerawalla, L., Luckin, R., Seljeflot, S. ve Woolard, A. (2006). Making it real: exploring the potential of augmented reality for teaching primary school science. Virtual Reality, 10(3–4), 163–174.
  • Lin, T.-J., Duh, H. B.-L., Li, N., Wang, H.-Y. ve Tsai, C.-C. (2013). An investigation of learners’ collaborative knowledge construction performances and behavior patterns in an augmented reality simulation system. Computers ve Education, 68, 314–321.
  • Matcha, W. ve Rambli, D. R. A. (2013). Exploratory study on collaborative interaction through the use of Aagmented reality in science learning. Procedia Computer Science, 25, 144–153. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2013.11.018
  • Nuhoğlu, H. (2008). İlköğretim Fen ve Teknoloji dersine yönelik bir tutum ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi. İköğretim Online, 7(3), 627–639.
  • Núñez, M., Quirós, R., Núñez, I., Carda, J. B., Camahort, E., Mauri, J. L., (2008). Collaborative augmented reality for inorganic chemistry education. International ConferenceProceedings. Mathematics and Computers in Science and Engineering, WSEAS.
  • Perez-Lopez, D. ve Contero, M. (2013). Delivering educational multimedia contents through an augmented reality application: A case study on its impact on knowledge acquisition and retention. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology - TOJET, 12(4), 19–28.
  • Rosenbaum, E., Klopfer, E. ve Perry, J. (2006). On location learning: Authentic applied science with networked augmented realities. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 16(1), 31–45. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-006-9036-0
  • Shelton, B. E. ve Hedley, N. R. (2002). Using augmented reality for teaching earth-sun relationships to undergraduate geography students. Augmented Reality Toolkit, The First IEEE International Workshop.
  • Shelton, B. E. ve Stevens, R. (2004). Using coordination classes to interpret conceptual change in astronomical thinking. Proceedings of the 6th international conference for the learning sciences. Lawrence Erlbaum ve Associates, Mahweh, NJ.
  • Sırakaya, M. (2015). Artırılmış gerçeklik uygulamalarının öğrencilerin akademik başarıları, kavram yanılgıları ve derse katılımlarına etkisi. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. Gazi Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Sırakaya, M. ve Seferoğlu, S. S. (2016). Öğrenme ortamlarında yeni bir araç: Bir eğitlence uygulaması olarak artırılmış gerçeklik. (Edt: A. İşman, F. Odabaşı ve B. Akkoyunlu), Eğitim Teknolojileri Okumaları 2016 (ss. 417–438). Adapazarı: TOJET ve Sakarya Üniversitesi.
  • Singhal, S., Bagga, S., Goyal, P. ve Saxena, V. (2012). Augmented chemistry: Interactive education system. International Journal of Computer Applications, 49(15), 1–5.
  • Solak, E. ve Cakir, R. (2015). Exploring the Effect of Materials Designed with Augmented Reality on Language Learners’ Vocabulary Learning. Journal of Educators Online, 12(2), 50–72.
  • Somyürek, S. (2014). Öğrenme sürecinde Z kuşağının dikkatini çekme: Artırılmış gerçeklik. Eğitim Teknolojisi Kuram ve Uygulama, 4(1), 63–80.
  • Squire, K. D. ve Jan, M. (2007). Mad city mystery: Developing scientific argumentation skills with a place-based augmented reality game on handheld computers. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 16(1), 5–29. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-006-9037-z
  • Tian, K., Endo, M., Urata, M., Mouri, K. ve Yasuda, T. (2014). Multi-viewpoint smartphone AR-based learning system for astronomical observation. International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering, 6(5), 396–400. http://doi.org/10.7763/IJCTE.2014.V6.897
  • Tuan, H. L., Chin, C. C. ve Shieh, S. H. (2005). The development of a questionnaire to measure students’ motivation towards science learning. International Journal of Science Education, 27(6), 639–654.
  • Vilkoniene, M. (2009). Influence of augmented reality technology upon pupils’ knowledge about human digestive system: The results of the experiment. Online Submission, 6(1), 36–43.
  • Wang, H.-Y., Duh, H. B.-L., Li, N., Lin, T.-J. ve Tsai, C.-C. (2014). An investigation of university students’ collaborative inquiry learning behaviors in an augmented reality simulation and a traditional simulation. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 23(5), 682–691.
  • Waterman, A. S. (2005). When effort is enjoyed: Two studies of intrinsic motivation for personally salient activities. Motivation and Emotion, 29(3), 165–188.
  • Wolters, C. A. ve Rosenthal, H. (2000). The relation between students’ motivational beliefs and their use of motivational regulation strategies. International Journal of Educational Research, 33(7), 801–820.
  • Wu, H.-K., Lee, S. W.-Y., Chang, H.-Y. ve Liang, J.-C. (2013). Current status, opportunities and challenges of augmented reality in education. Computers ve Education, 62, 41–49. http://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.10.024
  • Yen, J.-C., Tsai, C.-H. ve Wu, M. (2013). Augmented reality in the higher education: Students’ science concept learning and academic achievement in astronomy. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 103, 165–173. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.322
  • Zhang, J., Sung, Y.-T., Hou, H.-T. ve Chang, K.-E. (2014). The development and evaluation of an augmented reality-based armillary sphere for astronomical observation instruction. Computers ve Education, 73, 178–188. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.01.003

The Effect of Augmented Reality Use in Science Education on Attitude and Motivation

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 3, 887 - 905, 15.05.2018
https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.415705

Öz

The purpose
of this study is to determine the effect of augmented reality use in science education
on students' attitudes and motivations. A quasi experimental, random matched
design with pre-test – post-test and control group was used in the study. The
study group was composed of 87 7th graders attending there separate
classes of a state school. Research findings show that augmented reality has
increased the motivation of the students towards science education. Another
consequence of the research is that the augmented reality learning material has
positively changed students' attitudes toward science learning.

Kaynakça

  • Abdüsselam, M. S. (2014). Fizik öğretiminde artırılmış gerçeklik ortamlarının kullanımlarına ilişkin öğretmen ve öğrenci görüşleri: 11.sınıf manyetizma konusu örneği. Pegem Eğitim ve Öğretim Dergisi, 4(1), 59–74. http://doi.org/10.14527/pegegog.2014.004
  • Akçayır, M., Akçayır, G., Pektaş, H. M. ve Ocak, M. A. (2016). Augmented reality in science laboratories: The effects of augmented reality on university students’ laboratory skills and attitudes toward science laboratories. Computers in Human Behavior, 57, 334–342. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.054
  • Aktamış, H., ve Arıcı, V. A. (2013). Sanal gerçeklik programlarının astronomi konularının öğretiminde kullanılmasının akademik başarı ve kalıcılığına etkisi. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(2), 58–70.
  • Azuma, R. (1999). The challenge of making augmented reality work outdoors. Mixed Reality: Merging Real and Virtual Worlds, 379–390.
  • Bressler, D. M. ve Bodzin, A. M. (2013). A mixed methods assessment of students’ flow experiences during a mobile augmented reality science game. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 29(6), 505–517.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2007). Sosyal Bilimler İçin Veri Analizi El Kitabı. Ankara: PegemA Yayıncılık.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö., E., Karadeniz, Ş. ve Demirel, F. (2008). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Cai, S., Wang, X. ve Chiang, F.-K. (2014). A case study of Augmented Reality simulation system application in a chemistry course. Computers in Human Behavior, 37, 31–40. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.04.018
  • Chen, C. ve Wang, C.-H. (2015). Employing augmented-reality-embedded instruction to disperse the imparities of individual differences in earth science learning. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 24(6), 835–847.
  • Cheng, K.-H. ve Tsai, C.-C. (2013). Affordances of augmented reality in science learning: Suggestions for future research. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 22(4), 449–462.
  • Chiang, T. H. C., Yang, S. J. H. ve Hwang, G.-J. (2014). An Augmented Reality-based Mobile Learning System to Improve Students’ Learning Achievements and Motivations in Natural Science Inquiry Activities. Educational Technology ve Society, 17(4), 352–365.
  • Dede, Y. ve Yaman, S. (2008). Fen öğrenmeye yönelik motivasyon ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Necatibey Eğitim Fakültesi Elektronik Fen ve Matematik Eğitimi Dergisi, 2(1), 19–37.
  • Delello, J. A. (2014). Insights from pre-service teachers using science-based augmented reality. Journal of Computers in Education, 1(4), 295–311. http://doi.org/10.1007/s40692-014-0021-y
  • Dunleavy, M., Dede, C. ve Mitchell, R. (2009). Affordances and limitations of immersive participatory augmented reality simulations for teaching and learning. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 18(1), 7–22. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-008-9119-1
  • Enyedy, N., Danish, J. A., Delacruz, G. ve Kumar, M. (2012). Learning physics through play in an augmented reality environment. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 7(3), 347–378.
  • Furió, D., Juan, M.-C., Segui, I. ve Vivó, R. (2015). Mobile learning vs. traditional classroom lessons: a comparative study. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 31(3), 189–201.
  • George, D. ve Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for windows step by step: A simple guide and reference. Boston: Pearson.
  • Hsiao, K.-F., Chen, N.-S. ve Huang, S.-Y. (2012). Learning while exercising for science education in augmented reality among adolescents. Interactive Learning Environments, 20(4), 331–349.
  • Huang, T.-C., Chen, C.-C. ve Chou, Y.-W. (2016). Animating eco-education: To see, feel, and discover in an augmented reality-based experiential learning environment. Computers ve Education, 96, 72–82. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2016.02.008
  • Hwang, G.-J., Wu, P.-H., Chen, C.-C. ve Tu, N.-T. (2016). Effects of an augmented reality-based educational game on students’ learning achievements and attitudes in real-world observations. Interactive Learning Environments, 24(8), 1895–1906.
  • Ibáñez, M. B., Di Serio, A., Villarán, D. ve Kloos, C. D. (2014). Experimenting with electromagnetism using augmented reality: Impact on flow student experience and educational effectiveness. Computers ve Education, 71, 1–13.
  • Kamarainen, A. M., Metcalf, S., Grotzer, T., Browne, A., Mazzuca, D., Tutwiler, M. S. ve Dede, C. (2013). EcoMOBILE: Integrating augmented reality and probeware with environmental education field trips. Computers ve Education, 68, 545–556. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2013.02.018
  • Karasar, N. (2012). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Kerawalla, L., Luckin, R., Seljeflot, S. ve Woolard, A. (2006). Making it real: exploring the potential of augmented reality for teaching primary school science. Virtual Reality, 10(3–4), 163–174.
  • Lin, T.-J., Duh, H. B.-L., Li, N., Wang, H.-Y. ve Tsai, C.-C. (2013). An investigation of learners’ collaborative knowledge construction performances and behavior patterns in an augmented reality simulation system. Computers ve Education, 68, 314–321.
  • Matcha, W. ve Rambli, D. R. A. (2013). Exploratory study on collaborative interaction through the use of Aagmented reality in science learning. Procedia Computer Science, 25, 144–153. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2013.11.018
  • Nuhoğlu, H. (2008). İlköğretim Fen ve Teknoloji dersine yönelik bir tutum ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi. İköğretim Online, 7(3), 627–639.
  • Núñez, M., Quirós, R., Núñez, I., Carda, J. B., Camahort, E., Mauri, J. L., (2008). Collaborative augmented reality for inorganic chemistry education. International ConferenceProceedings. Mathematics and Computers in Science and Engineering, WSEAS.
  • Perez-Lopez, D. ve Contero, M. (2013). Delivering educational multimedia contents through an augmented reality application: A case study on its impact on knowledge acquisition and retention. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology - TOJET, 12(4), 19–28.
  • Rosenbaum, E., Klopfer, E. ve Perry, J. (2006). On location learning: Authentic applied science with networked augmented realities. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 16(1), 31–45. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-006-9036-0
  • Shelton, B. E. ve Hedley, N. R. (2002). Using augmented reality for teaching earth-sun relationships to undergraduate geography students. Augmented Reality Toolkit, The First IEEE International Workshop.
  • Shelton, B. E. ve Stevens, R. (2004). Using coordination classes to interpret conceptual change in astronomical thinking. Proceedings of the 6th international conference for the learning sciences. Lawrence Erlbaum ve Associates, Mahweh, NJ.
  • Sırakaya, M. (2015). Artırılmış gerçeklik uygulamalarının öğrencilerin akademik başarıları, kavram yanılgıları ve derse katılımlarına etkisi. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. Gazi Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Sırakaya, M. ve Seferoğlu, S. S. (2016). Öğrenme ortamlarında yeni bir araç: Bir eğitlence uygulaması olarak artırılmış gerçeklik. (Edt: A. İşman, F. Odabaşı ve B. Akkoyunlu), Eğitim Teknolojileri Okumaları 2016 (ss. 417–438). Adapazarı: TOJET ve Sakarya Üniversitesi.
  • Singhal, S., Bagga, S., Goyal, P. ve Saxena, V. (2012). Augmented chemistry: Interactive education system. International Journal of Computer Applications, 49(15), 1–5.
  • Solak, E. ve Cakir, R. (2015). Exploring the Effect of Materials Designed with Augmented Reality on Language Learners’ Vocabulary Learning. Journal of Educators Online, 12(2), 50–72.
  • Somyürek, S. (2014). Öğrenme sürecinde Z kuşağının dikkatini çekme: Artırılmış gerçeklik. Eğitim Teknolojisi Kuram ve Uygulama, 4(1), 63–80.
  • Squire, K. D. ve Jan, M. (2007). Mad city mystery: Developing scientific argumentation skills with a place-based augmented reality game on handheld computers. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 16(1), 5–29. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-006-9037-z
  • Tian, K., Endo, M., Urata, M., Mouri, K. ve Yasuda, T. (2014). Multi-viewpoint smartphone AR-based learning system for astronomical observation. International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering, 6(5), 396–400. http://doi.org/10.7763/IJCTE.2014.V6.897
  • Tuan, H. L., Chin, C. C. ve Shieh, S. H. (2005). The development of a questionnaire to measure students’ motivation towards science learning. International Journal of Science Education, 27(6), 639–654.
  • Vilkoniene, M. (2009). Influence of augmented reality technology upon pupils’ knowledge about human digestive system: The results of the experiment. Online Submission, 6(1), 36–43.
  • Wang, H.-Y., Duh, H. B.-L., Li, N., Lin, T.-J. ve Tsai, C.-C. (2014). An investigation of university students’ collaborative inquiry learning behaviors in an augmented reality simulation and a traditional simulation. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 23(5), 682–691.
  • Waterman, A. S. (2005). When effort is enjoyed: Two studies of intrinsic motivation for personally salient activities. Motivation and Emotion, 29(3), 165–188.
  • Wolters, C. A. ve Rosenthal, H. (2000). The relation between students’ motivational beliefs and their use of motivational regulation strategies. International Journal of Educational Research, 33(7), 801–820.
  • Wu, H.-K., Lee, S. W.-Y., Chang, H.-Y. ve Liang, J.-C. (2013). Current status, opportunities and challenges of augmented reality in education. Computers ve Education, 62, 41–49. http://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.10.024
  • Yen, J.-C., Tsai, C.-H. ve Wu, M. (2013). Augmented reality in the higher education: Students’ science concept learning and academic achievement in astronomy. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 103, 165–173. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.322
  • Zhang, J., Sung, Y.-T., Hou, H.-T. ve Chang, K.-E. (2014). The development and evaluation of an augmented reality-based armillary sphere for astronomical observation instruction. Computers ve Education, 73, 178–188. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.01.003
Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Eğitim Üzerine Çalışmalar
Bölüm Derleme Makale
Yazarlar

Mustafa Sırakaya

Didem Alsancak Sırakaya

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Mayıs 2018
Kabul Tarihi 28 Ağustos 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 26 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Sırakaya, M., & Alsancak Sırakaya, D. (2018). Artırılmış Gerçekliğin Fen Eğitiminde Kullanımının Tutum ve Motivasyona Etkisi. Kastamonu Education Journal, 26(3), 887-905. https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.415705

Cited By

Metaverse ve Din Eğitimi
Turkish Academic Research Review - Türk Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi [TARR]
https://doi.org/10.30622/tarr.1197733