ERZURUM’DA SATIŞA SUNULAN TAVUK ETLERİNİN MİKROBİYOLOJİK KALİTESİ VE SALMONELLA SPP. VARLIĞININ BELİRLENMESİ, SALMONELLA SPP. İZOLATLARIN ANTİBİYOTİK DİRENCİ

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 44 Sayı: 4, 553 - 562, 01.08.2019

Mehmet Yüksel , Bülent Çetin , Selahattin Sert

https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD18086

Cited By: 1

Öz

Bu çalışma,
Erzurum’da marketlerden toplanan 45 adet tavuk eti örneğinde (15’er ciğer,
göğüs, baget) belirli mikrobiyolojik kalite karakteristikleri, immunomanyetik
separasyon (IMS) ve geleneksel yöntem ile Salmonella spp. varlığını
araştırmak için yapılmıştır. Ayrıca, Salmonella spp. izolatlarının
antibiyotik dirençleri değerlendirilmiştir. Toplamda 15 örnekte IMS ve
geleneksel metot ile Salmonella spp. pozitif bulunmuştur. Bu izolatlar
API 20E biyokimyasal analiz kiti kullanılarak %99,9 ihtimalle doğrulanmıştır. Salmonella
spp. izolatları siprofloksasin, kloromfenikol ve gentamisin antibiyotiklerine
karşı %100 seviyesinde duyarlılık gösterirken, sırasıyla tetrasiklin,
trimetoprim, sülfametoksazol/trimethoprim, nalidiksik asit, streptomisin,
ampisilin ve kanamisin antibiyotiklerine karşı direnç göstermiştir. Elde edilen
sonuçlara göre tavuk etlerinin %84’ü (38/45) toplam bakteri sayısı, %33’ünün
(15/45) Salmonella spp. varlığı açısından Türk Gıda Kodeks’ine uygun
olmadığı görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tavuk etleri, mikrobiyolojik kalite, Salmonella spp., immunomanyetik separasyon, antibiyotik direnç

DETERMINATION OF MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY AND PRESENCE OF SALMONELLA SPP. ON CHICKEN PARTS SOLD AT RETAIL MARKETS IN ERZURUM, ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE OF THE SALMONELLA SPP. ISOLATES

Öz

The present
study was conducted to investigate the certain microbiological quality
characteristics, and presence of Salmonella spp. by immunomagnetic
separation (IMS) and conventional method, also to evaluate the antibiotic
resistance of Salmonella spp. isolates obtained from 45 chicken meat
samples (fifteen livers, chests, baguettes) collected from markets at the
Erzurum. Totally, in the 15 samples were found positive for Salmonella
spp. by IMS and conventional methods. Isolates were identified with 99.9%
probability using API 20E biochemical analysis kit. The results of antibiotic
test showed the susceptibility of the isolates to ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol
and gentamicin at 100% level, while these isolates were resistance to
tetracycline, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, nalidixic acid,
streptomycin, ampicillin and kanamycin, respectively. The obtained results
showed that 84% (38/45) of the chicken meat samples did not show suitability
with Turkish Food Codex in terms of total bacteria count and presence of Salmonella
in 33% (15/45) of the samples.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Chicken meats, Microbiological quality, Salmonella spp., Immunomagnetic separation (IMS), Antibitoic resistance

Kaynakça

• Angkititrakul, S., Chomvarin, C., Chaita, T., Kanistanon, K., and Waethewutajarn, S. (2005). Epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella isolated from pork, chicken meat and humans in Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 36: 1510-1515.
• Bryan F. L., Doyle, M.P. (1995). Health risks and consequences of Salmonella and Campylobacter jejuni in raw poultry. J Food Prot, 58: 326-344.
• Çetin, B. (2006). Effects of protective cultures and lactic acid treatments on shelf life and Salmonella Typhimurium growth and on inhibition of some potential microorganisms in poultry meat. Ph.D. thesis, Atatürk Univ., Erzurum, Turkey.
• Chakraborty, R., Hazen, T. C., Joyner, D. C., Küsel, K., Singer, M. E., Sitte, J., Torok, T. (2011). Use of immunomagnetic separation for the detection of Desulfovibrio vulgaris from environmental samples. J Microbiol Methods, 86: 204-209.
• Chung, Y. H., Kim, S.Y., Chang, Y. H. (2003). Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella isolated from foods in Korea from 1993 to 2001. J Food Prot, 66: 1154-1157.
• CLSI. (2014). Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. M100-S24, Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty-Fourth Informational Supplements. This document provides updated tables for the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Standards M02-A11, M07-A9, and M11-A8, CLSI, Wayne, PA.
• Foddai, A., Elliott, C. T., Grant, I. R. (2010). Maximizing capture efficiency and specificity of magnetic separation for Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis cells. Appl Environ Microbiol, 76: 7550-7558.
• Gürler, Z., Pamuk, S., Yildirim, Y., Ertas, N. (2015). The microbiological quality of ready-to-eat salads in Turkey: A focus on Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes. Int J Food Microbiol, 96: 79-83.
• Harrigan, W. F. (1998). Laboratory Methods in Food Microbiology. 3rd ed, Academic Press, San Diego, USA.
• Hyeon, J. Y., Chon, J. W., Hwang, I. G., Kwak, H. S., Kim, M. S., Kim, S. K., Choi, I. S., Song, C. S., Park, C., Seo, K. H. (2011). Prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and molecular characterization of Salmonella serovars in retail meat products. J Food Prot, 74: 161-166.
• Iseri, O., Erol, I. (2010). Incidence and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella spp. in ground turkey meat. Br Poult Sci, 51: 60-66.
• Koburger, J. A., Marth, E. H. (1984). Yeast and moulds. Compendium of methods for the examination of foods (APHA), Ed: Speck, M. L., Washington, DC, USA.
• Maturin, L. J., Peeler, J. T. (1998). Aerobic Plate Count. In: Bacteriological Analytical Manual. 8th ed, Chapter 3, Gaitghersburg, MD, USA.
• Park, S. H., Aydın, M., Khatiwarad, A., Dolan, M. C., Gilmore, D.F., Boulding, J. L., Ahnh, S., Rickea, S.C. (2014). Current and emerging technologies for rapid detection and characterization of Salmonella in poultry and poultry products. Food Microbiol, 38: 250-262.
• Pointon, A., Sexton, M., Dowsett, P., Saputra, T., Kiermeier, A., Lorimer, M., Holds, G., Arnold, G., Davos, D., Combs, B., Fabiansson, S., Raven, G., Mckenzie, H., Chapman A., Sumner, J. (2008). A baseline survey of the microbiological quality of chicken portions and carcasses at retail in two Australian states (2005 to 2006). J Food Prot, 71: 1123-1134.
• Ramya, P., Madhavarao, T., and Rao, L. V. (2012). Study on the incidence of Salmonella enteritidis in poultry and meat samples by cultural and PCR methods. Vet World, 5: 541-545.
• Salihu, A. E., Onwuliri, F. C., Mawak, J. D. (2014). Antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella gallinarum isolates from free-range chickens in Nasarawa state, Nigeria. Intl J Bacteriol Res, 2: 19-27.
• Sapkota, A. R., Kinney, E. L., George, A., Hulet, R. M., Cruz-Cano, R., Schwab, K. J., Zhang, G., Joseph, S. W. (2014). Lower prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella on large-scale U.S. conventional poultry farms that transitioned to organic practices. SciTotal Environ, 476-477: 387-392.
• Taban, B. M., and Aytac, S. A. (2009) Application of magnetic immuno-polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of Salmonella spp. in chicken meats. Eur Food Res Technol, 229: 623-628.
• Uyttendaele, M., Troy, P. D., Debevere, J. (1999). Incidence of Salmonella, Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and Listeria monocytogenes in poultry carcasses and different types of poultry products for sale on the Belgian retail market. J Food Prot, 62: 735-740.
• Van, T. T., Moutafis, G., Istivan, T., Tran, L. T., Coloe, P. J. (2007). Detection of Salmonella spp. in retail raw food samples from Vietnam and characterization of their antibiotic resistance. Appl Environ Microbiol 73: 6885-6890.
• Wadud, S., Leon-Velarde, C. G., Larson, N., Odumeru, J. A. (2010). Evaluation of immunomagnetic separation in combination with ALOA Listeria chromogenic agar for the isolation and identification of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods. J Microbiol Methods, 81: 153-159.
• Yang, B., Xi, M., Wang, X., Cui, S., Yue, T., Hao, H., Wang, Y., Cui, Y., Alali, W. Q., Meng, J., Walls, I., Wong, D. M., Doyle, M. P. (2011). Prevalence of Salmonella on raw poultry at retail markets in China. J Food Prot, 74: 1724-1728.
• Yüksel, A. K., and Yüksel, M. (2015). Determination of certain microbiological quality characteristics of ice cream, detection of Salmonella by conventional and immunomagnetic separation methods and antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella spp. isolates. J Food Safety, 35: 385-394.